Antonín Leopold Dvořák (1841–1904) was a Czech composer of romantic music, … Read Full Bio ↴Antonín Leopold Dvořák (1841–1904) was a Czech composer of romantic music, who employed the idioms and melodies of the folk music of Moravia and his native Bohemia. His works include operas, symphonic, choral and chamber music. His best-known works include his symphonic works (above all "New World Symphony"), Slavonic Dances, String Quartets, Concertos for cello (Concerto in B minor) and violin, oratorial compositions Requiem, Stabat Mater and Te Deum.
Dvořák was born on 8th September 1841 in Nelahozeves, Czechia, near Prague, where he spent most of his life. He studied music in Prague's only Organ School at the end of the 1850s, and slowly developed himself as an accomplished violinist and violist. Throughout the 1860s he played viola in the Bohemian Provisional Theater Orchestra, which was from 1866 conducted by Bedřich Smetana. The need to supplement his income by teaching left Dvořák with limited free time, and in 1871 he gave up the orchestra in order to compose. He fell in love with one of his pupils and wrote a song cycle, Cypress Trees, expressing his anguish at her marriage to another man. However, he soon overcame his despondency, and in 1873 married her sister, Anna Čermáková.
In 1891 he wrote the famous Requiem Mass, similarly as Stabat Mater and Te Deum his major sacred work. Composition is a reflection of generally alarming questions of human being. The opus shows much of the tonal colour, original instrumentation, impressiveness and purity of composer´s mature work.
From 1892 to 1895, Dvořák was the director of the National Conservatory of Music in New York City. The Conservatory was founded by a wealthy socialite, Jeannette Thurber, who wanted a well-known composer as director in order to lend prestige to her institution. She wrote to Dvořák asking him to accept the position, and he agreed, providing that she were willing to meet his conditions: talented native American and black students, who could not afford the tuition, had to be admitted for free. She agreed to his conditions, and he sailed to America.
It was during this time as director of the Conservatory that Dvořák formed a friendship with Harry Burleigh, an African-American, who became an important composer. Dvořák taught Burleigh composition, and in return, Burleigh spent hours on end singing traditional Negro spirituals to Dvořák. Burleigh went on to compose settings of these spirituals.
In the winter and spring of 1893, while in New York, he wrote his most popular work, his ninth symphony "From the New World". Following an invitation from his family, he spent the summer of 1893 in the Czech-speaking community of Spillville, Iowa. While there he composed two of his most famous chamber works, the string quartet in F major ("The American"), and the string quintet in E flat major.
Also while in the United States he heard a performance of a cello concerto by the composer Victor Herbert. He was so excited by the possibilities of the cello and orchestra combination displayed in this concerto that he wrote a concerto of his own, the cello concerto in B minor (1895). Since then the concerto, considered one of the greatest of the genre, has grown in popularity and is frequently performed today. He also left an unfinished work, the cello concerto in A major (1865), which was completed and orchestrated by the German composer Günter Raphael between 1925 and 1929, and by Jarmil Burghauser in 1952.
He eventually returned to Prague where he was director of the conservatory from 1901 until his death on 1st May 1904. At the end of his life, Dvořák was in serious financial straits, as he had sold his many compositions for so little he had hardly anything to live on. He is buried in the Vyšehrad cemetery in Prague.
Dvořák was born on 8th September 1841 in Nelahozeves, Czechia, near Prague, where he spent most of his life. He studied music in Prague's only Organ School at the end of the 1850s, and slowly developed himself as an accomplished violinist and violist. Throughout the 1860s he played viola in the Bohemian Provisional Theater Orchestra, which was from 1866 conducted by Bedřich Smetana. The need to supplement his income by teaching left Dvořák with limited free time, and in 1871 he gave up the orchestra in order to compose. He fell in love with one of his pupils and wrote a song cycle, Cypress Trees, expressing his anguish at her marriage to another man. However, he soon overcame his despondency, and in 1873 married her sister, Anna Čermáková.
In 1891 he wrote the famous Requiem Mass, similarly as Stabat Mater and Te Deum his major sacred work. Composition is a reflection of generally alarming questions of human being. The opus shows much of the tonal colour, original instrumentation, impressiveness and purity of composer´s mature work.
From 1892 to 1895, Dvořák was the director of the National Conservatory of Music in New York City. The Conservatory was founded by a wealthy socialite, Jeannette Thurber, who wanted a well-known composer as director in order to lend prestige to her institution. She wrote to Dvořák asking him to accept the position, and he agreed, providing that she were willing to meet his conditions: talented native American and black students, who could not afford the tuition, had to be admitted for free. She agreed to his conditions, and he sailed to America.
It was during this time as director of the Conservatory that Dvořák formed a friendship with Harry Burleigh, an African-American, who became an important composer. Dvořák taught Burleigh composition, and in return, Burleigh spent hours on end singing traditional Negro spirituals to Dvořák. Burleigh went on to compose settings of these spirituals.
In the winter and spring of 1893, while in New York, he wrote his most popular work, his ninth symphony "From the New World". Following an invitation from his family, he spent the summer of 1893 in the Czech-speaking community of Spillville, Iowa. While there he composed two of his most famous chamber works, the string quartet in F major ("The American"), and the string quintet in E flat major.
Also while in the United States he heard a performance of a cello concerto by the composer Victor Herbert. He was so excited by the possibilities of the cello and orchestra combination displayed in this concerto that he wrote a concerto of his own, the cello concerto in B minor (1895). Since then the concerto, considered one of the greatest of the genre, has grown in popularity and is frequently performed today. He also left an unfinished work, the cello concerto in A major (1865), which was completed and orchestrated by the German composer Günter Raphael between 1925 and 1929, and by Jarmil Burghauser in 1952.
He eventually returned to Prague where he was director of the conservatory from 1901 until his death on 1st May 1904. At the end of his life, Dvořák was in serious financial straits, as he had sold his many compositions for so little he had hardly anything to live on. He is buried in the Vyšehrad cemetery in Prague.
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12Symphony No. 2 In B Flat Major, Op. 4, B. 12: III. Scherzo: Allegro Con Brio16:28Slovak Philharmonic Orchestra
27Symphony No. 4 In D Minor, Op. 13, B. 41: II. Andante Sostenuto E Molto Cantabile10:55Slovak Philharmonic Orchestra
28Symphony No. 4 In D Minor, Op. 13, B. 41: III. Scherzo: Allegro Feroce6:31Slovak Philharmonic Orchestra
29Symphony No. 4 In D Minor, Op. 13, B. 41: IV. Finale: Allegro Con Brio9:38Slovak Philharmonic Orchestra
34Symphony No. 5 In F Major, Op. 76, B. 54: I. Allegro, Ma Non Troppo12:41Slovak Philharmonic Orchestra
36Symphony No. 5 In F Major, Op. 76, B. 54: III. Andante Con Moto, Quasi L'istesso Tempo - Allegro Scherzando7:44Slovak Philharmonic Orchestra
40Symphony No. 7, D minor, Op. 70: Scherzo: Vivace - Poco meno mosso7:47Slovak Philharmonic Orchestra
48Violin Concerto in A minor, Op. 53, B. 96: I. Allegro ma non troppo10:32Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra
55Cello Concerto in B Minor, Op. 104, B. 191: III. Finale: Allegro moderato - Andante - Allegro vivo13:39Maria Kliegel
56Silent Woods, Op. 68, No. 5, B. 182: Silent Woods (Klid) for Cello and Orchestra, B. 182 (Op. 68, No. 5)Dmitry Yablonsky
58Slavonic Dances Nos. 1-8, Op. 46: Slavonic Dance No. 1 in C major, Op. 46, No. 1Slovak Philharmonic Orchestra
59Slavonic Dances, Series 1, Op. 46, B. 83: 16 Slavonic Dances: No. 2 In E Minor, Op. 46, No. 24:44Slovak Philharmonic Orchestra
60Slavonic Dances Nos. 1-8, Op. 46: Slavonic Dance No. 3 in A flat major, Op. 46, No. 3Slovak Philharmonic Orchestra
61Slavonic Dances Nos. 1-8, Op. 46: Slavonic Dance No. 4 in F major, Op. 46, No. 4Slovak Philharmonic Orchestra
62Slavonic Dances Nos. 1-8, Op. 46: Slavonic Dance No. 5 in A major, Op. 46, No. 5Slovak Philharmonic Orchestra
63Slavonic Dances Nos. 1-8, Op. 46: Slavonic Dance No. 6 in D major, Op. 46, No. 6Slovak Philharmonic Orchestra
64Slavonic Dances Nos. 1-8, Op. 46: Slavonic Dance No. 7 in C minor, Op. 46, No. 7Slovak Philharmonic Orchestra
65Slavonic Dances, Op. 46, B. 83: Slavonic Dance No. 8 in G Minor, Op. 46, No. 8Slovak Philharmonic Orchestra
78The Noon Witch (Die Mittagshexe / La fee de midi), Op. 108: The Noon Witch, B. 196, Op. 108Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra
79The Golden Spinning Wheel (Das goldene Spinnrad / Le rouet d'or), Op. 109Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra
92Polka in B flat major, B. 114 (Op. 53a/1), "For Prague Students"1:56Russian Philharmonic Orchestra
937 Interludes for Small Orchestra, B. 15: I. Capriccio (Allegro risoluto)3:43Russian Philharmonic Orchestra
957 Pieces (Interludes) for Small Orchestra, B. 15: III. Con molto espressione4:21Russian Philharmonic Orchestra
987 Interludes for Small Orchestra, B. 15: VI. Serenata (Andantino con moto)3:26Russian Philharmonic Orchestra
997 Pieces (Interludes) for Small Orchestra, B. 15: VII. Allegro animato3:46Russian Philharmonic Orchestra
101Czech Suite in D major, B. 93, Op. 39: Romance (Romanza)4:32Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra
102Czech Suite in D major, B. 93, Op. 39: Preludium (Pastorale)Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra
103Czech Suite in D major, B. 93, Op. 39: Sousedska (Minuetto)Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra
105Suite in A major, Op. 98b, B. 190, "American": I. Andante con moto3:52Russian Philharmonic Orchestra
107Suite in A major, Op. 98b, B. 190, "American": III. Moderato (Alla Polacca)3:17Russian Philharmonic Orchestra
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DVORAK: Complete Published Orchestral Works
Slovak Philharmonic Orchestra Lyrics
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