Joseph Haydn (31 March or 1 April 1732–31 May 1809) was a leading composer … Read Full Bio ↴Joseph Haydn (31 March or 1 April 1732–31 May 1809) was a leading composer of the Classical period, called the "Father of the Symphony" and "Father of the String Quartet".
The name "Franz" was not used in the composer's lifetime; scholars, along with an increasing number of music publishers and recording companies, now use the historically more accurate form of his name, rendered in English as "Joseph Haydn".
A life-long resident of Austria, Haydn spent most of his career as a court musician for the wealthy Eszterházy family on their remote estate. Being isolated from other composers and trends in music until the later part of his long life, he was, as he put it, "forced to become original".
Joseph Haydn was the brother of Michael Haydn, himself a highly regarded composer at the court of Archbishop-Prince Hieronymous von Colloredo who also had in his employ Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and father Leopold Mozart. Haydn had a third brother, Johann Evangelist Haydn, a tenor singer.
Joseph Haydn was born in 1732 in Rohrau, Austria village near the Hungarian border. His father was Matthias Haydn, a wheelwright who also served as "Marktrichter", an office akin to village mayor. Haydn's mother, the former Maria Koller, had previously worked as a cook in the palace of Count Harrach, the presiding aristocrat of Rohrau. Neither parent could read music. However, Matthias was an enthusiastic folk musician, who during the journeyman period of his career had taught himself to play the harp. According to Haydn's later reminiscences, his childhood family was extremely musical, and frequently sang together and with their neighbors.
Haydn's parents were perceptive enough to notice that their son was musically talented and knew that in Rohrau he would have no chance to obtain any serious musical training. It was for this reason that they accepted a proposal from their relative Johann Matthias Franck, the schoolmaster and choirmaster in Hainburg, that Haydn be apprenticed to Franck in his home to train as a musician. Haydn thus went off with Franck to Hainburg (ten miles away) and never again lived with his parents. At the time he was not quite six.
Life in the Franck household was not easy for Haydn, who later remembered being frequently hungry as well as constantly humiliated by the filthy state of his clothing. However, he did begin his musical training there, and soon was able to play both harpsichord and violin. The people of Hainburg were soon hearing him sing soprano parts in the church choir.
There is reason to think that Haydn's singing impressed those who heard him, because two years later (1740), he was brought to the attention of Georg von Reutter, the director of music in St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna, who was touring the provinces looking for talented choirboys. Haydn passed his audition with Reutter, and soon moved off to Vienna, where he worked for the next nine years as a chorister, the last four in the company of his younger brother Michael.
Like Franck before him, Reutter didn't always bother to make sure Haydn was properly fed. The young Haydn greatly looked forward to performances before aristocratic audiences, where the singers sometimes had the opportunity to satisfy their hunger by devouring the refreshments. Reutter also did little to further his choristers' musical education. However, St. Stephen's was at the time one of the leading, musical centers in Europe, where new music by leading composers was constantly being performed. Haydn was able to learn a great deal by osmosis simply by serving as a professional musician there.
In 1749, Haydn had matured physically to the point that he was no longer able to sing high choral parts. On a weak pretext, he was summarily dismissed from his job. He evidently spent one night homeless on a park bench, but was taken in by friends and began to pursue a career as a freelance musician. During this arduous period, which lasted ten years, Haydn worked many different jobs, including valet–accompanist for the Italian composer Nicola Porpora, from whom he later said he learned "the true fundamentals of composition". He laboured to fill the gaps in his training, and eventually wrote his first string quartets and his first opera. During this time Haydn's professional reputation gradually increased.
In 1759, or 1757 according to the New Grove Encyclopedia, Haydn received his first important position, that of Kapellmeister (music director) for Count Karl von Morzin. In this capacity, he directed the count's small orchestra, and for this ensemble wrote his first symphonies. Count Morzin soon suffered financial reverses that forced him to dismiss his musical establishment, but Haydn was quickly offered a similar job (1761) as assistant Kapellmeister to the Eszterházy family, one of the wealthiest and most important in the Austrian Empire. When the old Kapellmeister, Gregor Werner, died in 1766, Haydn was elevated to full Kapellmeister.
As a liveried servant of the Eszterházys, Haydn followed them as they moved among their three main residences: the family seat in Eisenstadt, their winter palace in Vienna, and Eszterháza, a grand new palace built in rural Hungary in the 1760s. Haydn had a huge range of responsibilities, including composition, running the orchestra, playing chamber music for and with his patrons, and eventually the mounting of operatic productions. Despite the backbreaking workload, Haydn considered himself fortunate to have his job. The Eszterházy princes (first Paul Anton, then most importantly Nikolaus I) were musical connoisseurs who appreciated his work and gave him the conditions needed for his artistic development, including daily access to his own small orchestra.
In 1760, with the security of a Kapellmeister position, Haydn married. He and his wife, the former Maria Anna Keller, did not get along, and they produced no children. Haydn may have had one or more children with Luigia Polzelli, a singer in the Eszterházy establishment with whom he carried on a long-term love affair, and often wrote to on his travels.
During the nearly thirty years that Haydn worked in the Eszterházy household, he produced a flood of compositions, and his musical style became ever more developed. His popularity in the outside world also increased. Gradually, Haydn came to write as much for publication as for his employer, and several important works of this period, such as the Paris symphonies (1785–6) and the original orchestral version of The Seven Last Words of Christ (1786), were commissions from abroad.
Around 1781 Haydn established a friendship with Mozart, whose work he had already been influencing by example for many years. According to later testimony by Stephen Storace, the two composers occasionally played in string quartets together. Haydn was hugely impressed with Mozart's work, and in various ways tried to help the younger composer. During the years 1782 to 1785, Mozart wrote a set of string quartets thought to be inspired by Haydn's Opus 33 series. On completion he dedicated them to Haydn, a very unusual thing to do at a time when dedicatees were usually aristocrats. The extremely close 'brotherly' Mozart-Haydn connection may be an expression of Freemasonic sympathies as well: Mozart and Haydn were members of the same Masonic lodge. Mozart joined in 1784 in the middle of writing those string quartets subsequently dedicated to his Masonic brother Haydn. This lodge was a specifically Catholic rather than a deistic one.
In 1789, Haydn developed another friendship with Maria Anna von Genzinger (1750–93), the wife of Prince Nicolaus's personal physician in Vienna. Their relationship, documented in Haydn's letters, was evidently intense but platonic. The letters express Haydn's sense of loneliness and melancholy at his long isolation at Eszterháza. Genzinger's premature death in 1793 was a blow to Haydn, and his F minor variations for piano, Hob. XVII:6, which are unusual in Haydn's work for their tone of impassioned tragedy, may have been written as response to her death.
The London journeys
In 1790, Prince Nikolaus died and was succeeded by a thoroughly unmusical prince who dismissed the entire musical establishment and put Haydn on a pension. Thus freed of his obligations, Haydn was able to accept a lucrative offer from Johann Peter Salomon, a German impresario, to visit England and conduct new symphonies with a large orchestra.
The visit (1791-2), along with a repeat visit (1794-5), was a huge success. Audiences flocked to Haydn's concerts, and he quickly achieved wealth and fame: one review called him "incomparable." Musically, the visits to England generated some of Haydn's best-known work, including the Surprise, Military, Drumroll, and London symphonies, the Rider quartet, and the Gypsy Rondo piano trio.
The only misstep in the venture was an opera, L'anima del filosofo, which Haydn was contracted to compose, and paid a substantial sum of money for. Only one aria was sung at the time, and 11 numbers were published; the entire opera was not performed until 1950.
Final years in Vienna
Haydn actually considered becoming an English citizen and settling permanently, as composers such as Handel had before him, but decided on a different course. He returned to Vienna, had a large house built for himself, and turned to the composition of large religious works for chorus and orchestra. These include his two great oratorios The Creation and The Seasons and six masses for the Eszterházy family, which by this time was once again headed by a musically-inclined prince. Haydn also composed the last nine in his long series of string quartets, including the Emperor, Sunrise, and Fifths quartets. Despite his increasing age, Haydn looked to the future, exclaiming once in a letter, "how much remains to be done in this glorious art!"
In 1802, Haydn found that an illness from which he had been suffering for some time had increased greatly in severity to the point that he became physically unable to compose. This was doubtless very difficult for him because, as he acknowledged, the flow of fresh musical ideas waiting to be worked out as compositions did not cease. Haydn was well cared for by his servants, and he received many visitors and public honours during his last years, but they cannot have been very happy years for him. During his illness, Haydn often found solace by sitting at the piano and playing Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser, which he had composed himself as a patriotic gesture in 1797. This melody later became used for the Austrian and German national anthems, and is the national anthem of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Haydn died in 1809 following an attack on Vienna by the French army under Napoleon. Among his last words was his attempt to calm and reassure his servants as cannon shots fell on the neighbourhood.
Character and appearance
Haydn was known among his contemporaries for his kindly, optimistic, and congenial personality. He had a robust sense of humour, evident in his love of practical jokes and often apparent in his music. He was particularly respected by the Eszterházy court musicians whom he supervised, as he maintained a cordial working atmosphere and effectively represented the musicians' interests with their employer; see Papa Haydn.
Haydn was a devout Catholic who often turned to his rosary when he had trouble composing, a practice that he usually found to be effective. When he finished a composition, he would write "Laus deo" ("praise be to God") or some similar expression at the end of the manuscript. His favourite hobbies were hunting and fishing.
Haydn was short in stature, perhaps as a result of having been underfed throughout most of his youth. Like many in his day, he was a survivor of smallpox and his face was pitted with the scars of this disease. Haydn was quite surprised when women flocked to him during his London visits as he did not consider himself to be handsome.
About a dozen portraits of Haydn exist, although they disagree sufficiently that, other than what is noted above, we would have little idea what Haydn looked like were it not also for the existence of a lifelike wax bust and Haydn's death mask. Both are in the Haydnhaus in Vienna, a museum dedicated to the composer. All but one of the portraits show Haydn wearing the grey powdered wig fashionable for men in the 18th century, and from the one exception we learn that Haydn was bald in adulthood.
Works
Haydn is often described as the "father" of the classical symphony and string quartet. In fact, the symphony was already a well-established form before Haydn began his compositional career, with distinguished examples by Carl Philip Emmanuel Bach among others, but Haydn's symphonies are the earliest to remain in "standard" repertoire. His parenthood of the string quartet, however, is beyond doubt: he essentially invented this medium singlehandedly. He also wrote many piano sonatas, piano trios, divertimentos and masses, which became the foundation for the Classical style in these compositional types. He also wrote other types of chamber music, as well as operas and concerti, although such compositions are now less known. Although other composers were prominent in the earlier Classical period, notably C.P.E. Bach in the field of the keyboard sonata (the harpsichord and clavichord were equally popular with the piano in this era) and J.C. Bach and Leopold Mozart in the symphony, Haydn was undoubtedly the strongest overall influence on musical style in this era.
The development of sonata form into a subtle and flexible mode of musical expression, which became the dominant force in Classical musical thought, owed most to Haydn and those who followed his ideas. His sense of formal inventiveness also led him to integrate the fugue into the classical style and to enrich the rondo form with more cohesive tonal logic, (see sonata rondo form). Haydn was also the principal exponent of the double variation form, that is variations on two alternating themes, which are often major and minor mode versions of each other.
The name "Franz" was not used in the composer's lifetime; scholars, along with an increasing number of music publishers and recording companies, now use the historically more accurate form of his name, rendered in English as "Joseph Haydn".
A life-long resident of Austria, Haydn spent most of his career as a court musician for the wealthy Eszterházy family on their remote estate. Being isolated from other composers and trends in music until the later part of his long life, he was, as he put it, "forced to become original".
Joseph Haydn was the brother of Michael Haydn, himself a highly regarded composer at the court of Archbishop-Prince Hieronymous von Colloredo who also had in his employ Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and father Leopold Mozart. Haydn had a third brother, Johann Evangelist Haydn, a tenor singer.
Joseph Haydn was born in 1732 in Rohrau, Austria village near the Hungarian border. His father was Matthias Haydn, a wheelwright who also served as "Marktrichter", an office akin to village mayor. Haydn's mother, the former Maria Koller, had previously worked as a cook in the palace of Count Harrach, the presiding aristocrat of Rohrau. Neither parent could read music. However, Matthias was an enthusiastic folk musician, who during the journeyman period of his career had taught himself to play the harp. According to Haydn's later reminiscences, his childhood family was extremely musical, and frequently sang together and with their neighbors.
Haydn's parents were perceptive enough to notice that their son was musically talented and knew that in Rohrau he would have no chance to obtain any serious musical training. It was for this reason that they accepted a proposal from their relative Johann Matthias Franck, the schoolmaster and choirmaster in Hainburg, that Haydn be apprenticed to Franck in his home to train as a musician. Haydn thus went off with Franck to Hainburg (ten miles away) and never again lived with his parents. At the time he was not quite six.
Life in the Franck household was not easy for Haydn, who later remembered being frequently hungry as well as constantly humiliated by the filthy state of his clothing. However, he did begin his musical training there, and soon was able to play both harpsichord and violin. The people of Hainburg were soon hearing him sing soprano parts in the church choir.
There is reason to think that Haydn's singing impressed those who heard him, because two years later (1740), he was brought to the attention of Georg von Reutter, the director of music in St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna, who was touring the provinces looking for talented choirboys. Haydn passed his audition with Reutter, and soon moved off to Vienna, where he worked for the next nine years as a chorister, the last four in the company of his younger brother Michael.
Like Franck before him, Reutter didn't always bother to make sure Haydn was properly fed. The young Haydn greatly looked forward to performances before aristocratic audiences, where the singers sometimes had the opportunity to satisfy their hunger by devouring the refreshments. Reutter also did little to further his choristers' musical education. However, St. Stephen's was at the time one of the leading, musical centers in Europe, where new music by leading composers was constantly being performed. Haydn was able to learn a great deal by osmosis simply by serving as a professional musician there.
In 1749, Haydn had matured physically to the point that he was no longer able to sing high choral parts. On a weak pretext, he was summarily dismissed from his job. He evidently spent one night homeless on a park bench, but was taken in by friends and began to pursue a career as a freelance musician. During this arduous period, which lasted ten years, Haydn worked many different jobs, including valet–accompanist for the Italian composer Nicola Porpora, from whom he later said he learned "the true fundamentals of composition". He laboured to fill the gaps in his training, and eventually wrote his first string quartets and his first opera. During this time Haydn's professional reputation gradually increased.
In 1759, or 1757 according to the New Grove Encyclopedia, Haydn received his first important position, that of Kapellmeister (music director) for Count Karl von Morzin. In this capacity, he directed the count's small orchestra, and for this ensemble wrote his first symphonies. Count Morzin soon suffered financial reverses that forced him to dismiss his musical establishment, but Haydn was quickly offered a similar job (1761) as assistant Kapellmeister to the Eszterházy family, one of the wealthiest and most important in the Austrian Empire. When the old Kapellmeister, Gregor Werner, died in 1766, Haydn was elevated to full Kapellmeister.
As a liveried servant of the Eszterházys, Haydn followed them as they moved among their three main residences: the family seat in Eisenstadt, their winter palace in Vienna, and Eszterháza, a grand new palace built in rural Hungary in the 1760s. Haydn had a huge range of responsibilities, including composition, running the orchestra, playing chamber music for and with his patrons, and eventually the mounting of operatic productions. Despite the backbreaking workload, Haydn considered himself fortunate to have his job. The Eszterházy princes (first Paul Anton, then most importantly Nikolaus I) were musical connoisseurs who appreciated his work and gave him the conditions needed for his artistic development, including daily access to his own small orchestra.
In 1760, with the security of a Kapellmeister position, Haydn married. He and his wife, the former Maria Anna Keller, did not get along, and they produced no children. Haydn may have had one or more children with Luigia Polzelli, a singer in the Eszterházy establishment with whom he carried on a long-term love affair, and often wrote to on his travels.
During the nearly thirty years that Haydn worked in the Eszterházy household, he produced a flood of compositions, and his musical style became ever more developed. His popularity in the outside world also increased. Gradually, Haydn came to write as much for publication as for his employer, and several important works of this period, such as the Paris symphonies (1785–6) and the original orchestral version of The Seven Last Words of Christ (1786), were commissions from abroad.
Around 1781 Haydn established a friendship with Mozart, whose work he had already been influencing by example for many years. According to later testimony by Stephen Storace, the two composers occasionally played in string quartets together. Haydn was hugely impressed with Mozart's work, and in various ways tried to help the younger composer. During the years 1782 to 1785, Mozart wrote a set of string quartets thought to be inspired by Haydn's Opus 33 series. On completion he dedicated them to Haydn, a very unusual thing to do at a time when dedicatees were usually aristocrats. The extremely close 'brotherly' Mozart-Haydn connection may be an expression of Freemasonic sympathies as well: Mozart and Haydn were members of the same Masonic lodge. Mozart joined in 1784 in the middle of writing those string quartets subsequently dedicated to his Masonic brother Haydn. This lodge was a specifically Catholic rather than a deistic one.
In 1789, Haydn developed another friendship with Maria Anna von Genzinger (1750–93), the wife of Prince Nicolaus's personal physician in Vienna. Their relationship, documented in Haydn's letters, was evidently intense but platonic. The letters express Haydn's sense of loneliness and melancholy at his long isolation at Eszterháza. Genzinger's premature death in 1793 was a blow to Haydn, and his F minor variations for piano, Hob. XVII:6, which are unusual in Haydn's work for their tone of impassioned tragedy, may have been written as response to her death.
The London journeys
In 1790, Prince Nikolaus died and was succeeded by a thoroughly unmusical prince who dismissed the entire musical establishment and put Haydn on a pension. Thus freed of his obligations, Haydn was able to accept a lucrative offer from Johann Peter Salomon, a German impresario, to visit England and conduct new symphonies with a large orchestra.
The visit (1791-2), along with a repeat visit (1794-5), was a huge success. Audiences flocked to Haydn's concerts, and he quickly achieved wealth and fame: one review called him "incomparable." Musically, the visits to England generated some of Haydn's best-known work, including the Surprise, Military, Drumroll, and London symphonies, the Rider quartet, and the Gypsy Rondo piano trio.
The only misstep in the venture was an opera, L'anima del filosofo, which Haydn was contracted to compose, and paid a substantial sum of money for. Only one aria was sung at the time, and 11 numbers were published; the entire opera was not performed until 1950.
Final years in Vienna
Haydn actually considered becoming an English citizen and settling permanently, as composers such as Handel had before him, but decided on a different course. He returned to Vienna, had a large house built for himself, and turned to the composition of large religious works for chorus and orchestra. These include his two great oratorios The Creation and The Seasons and six masses for the Eszterházy family, which by this time was once again headed by a musically-inclined prince. Haydn also composed the last nine in his long series of string quartets, including the Emperor, Sunrise, and Fifths quartets. Despite his increasing age, Haydn looked to the future, exclaiming once in a letter, "how much remains to be done in this glorious art!"
In 1802, Haydn found that an illness from which he had been suffering for some time had increased greatly in severity to the point that he became physically unable to compose. This was doubtless very difficult for him because, as he acknowledged, the flow of fresh musical ideas waiting to be worked out as compositions did not cease. Haydn was well cared for by his servants, and he received many visitors and public honours during his last years, but they cannot have been very happy years for him. During his illness, Haydn often found solace by sitting at the piano and playing Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser, which he had composed himself as a patriotic gesture in 1797. This melody later became used for the Austrian and German national anthems, and is the national anthem of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Haydn died in 1809 following an attack on Vienna by the French army under Napoleon. Among his last words was his attempt to calm and reassure his servants as cannon shots fell on the neighbourhood.
Character and appearance
Haydn was known among his contemporaries for his kindly, optimistic, and congenial personality. He had a robust sense of humour, evident in his love of practical jokes and often apparent in his music. He was particularly respected by the Eszterházy court musicians whom he supervised, as he maintained a cordial working atmosphere and effectively represented the musicians' interests with their employer; see Papa Haydn.
Haydn was a devout Catholic who often turned to his rosary when he had trouble composing, a practice that he usually found to be effective. When he finished a composition, he would write "Laus deo" ("praise be to God") or some similar expression at the end of the manuscript. His favourite hobbies were hunting and fishing.
Haydn was short in stature, perhaps as a result of having been underfed throughout most of his youth. Like many in his day, he was a survivor of smallpox and his face was pitted with the scars of this disease. Haydn was quite surprised when women flocked to him during his London visits as he did not consider himself to be handsome.
About a dozen portraits of Haydn exist, although they disagree sufficiently that, other than what is noted above, we would have little idea what Haydn looked like were it not also for the existence of a lifelike wax bust and Haydn's death mask. Both are in the Haydnhaus in Vienna, a museum dedicated to the composer. All but one of the portraits show Haydn wearing the grey powdered wig fashionable for men in the 18th century, and from the one exception we learn that Haydn was bald in adulthood.
Works
Haydn is often described as the "father" of the classical symphony and string quartet. In fact, the symphony was already a well-established form before Haydn began his compositional career, with distinguished examples by Carl Philip Emmanuel Bach among others, but Haydn's symphonies are the earliest to remain in "standard" repertoire. His parenthood of the string quartet, however, is beyond doubt: he essentially invented this medium singlehandedly. He also wrote many piano sonatas, piano trios, divertimentos and masses, which became the foundation for the Classical style in these compositional types. He also wrote other types of chamber music, as well as operas and concerti, although such compositions are now less known. Although other composers were prominent in the earlier Classical period, notably C.P.E. Bach in the field of the keyboard sonata (the harpsichord and clavichord were equally popular with the piano in this era) and J.C. Bach and Leopold Mozart in the symphony, Haydn was undoubtedly the strongest overall influence on musical style in this era.
The development of sonata form into a subtle and flexible mode of musical expression, which became the dominant force in Classical musical thought, owed most to Haydn and those who followed his ideas. His sense of formal inventiveness also led him to integrate the fugue into the classical style and to enrich the rondo form with more cohesive tonal logic, (see sonata rondo form). Haydn was also the principal exponent of the double variation form, that is variations on two alternating themes, which are often major and minor mode versions of each other.
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19Symphony No. 6 in D Major, Hob. 1/6: II. Adagio - Andante - Adagio7:52Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
38Symphony No. 11 in E-Flat Major, Hob. 1/11: III. Menuet & Trio3:58Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
51Symphony No. 15 in D Major, Hob. 1/15: I. Adagio - Presto - Adagio6:37Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
59Symphony No. 17 in F Major, Hob. 1/17: II. Andante, ma non troppo6:18Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
75Symphony No. 22 in E-Flat Major, Hob. 1/22 "The Philosopher": I. Adagio6:28Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
76Symphony No. 22 in E-Flat Major, Hob. 1/22 "The Philosopher": II. Presto4:02Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
77Symphony No. 22 in E-Flat Major, Hob. 1/22 "The Philosopher": III. Menuetto & Trio3:10Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
78Symphony No. 22 in E-Flat Major, Hob. 1/22 "The Philosopher": IV. Finale3:18Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
82Symphony No. 23 in G Major, Hob. 1/23: IV. Finale. Presto assai2:05Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
87Symphony No. 25 in C Major, Hob. 1/25: I. Adagio - Allegro molto7:23Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
90Symphony No. 26 in D Minor, Hob. 1/26 "Lamentatione": I. Allegro assai con spirito3:54Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
91Symphony No. 26 in D Minor, Hob. 1/26 "Lamentatione": II. Adagio5:24Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
92Symphony No. 26 in D Minor, Hob. 1/26 "Lamentatione": III. Menuet & Trio4:03Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
100Symphony No. 29 in E Major, Hob. 1/29: I. Allegro ma non troppo4:58Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
105Symphony No. 30 in C Major, Hob. 1/30 "Alleluja": II. Andante3:43Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
106Symphony No. 30 in C Major, Hob. 1/30 "Alleluja": III. Finale5:03Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
107Symphony No. 31 in D Major, Hob. 1/31 "Hornsignal": I. Allegro4:56Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
108Symphony No. 31 in D Major, Hob. 1/31 "Hornsignal": II. Adagio6:25Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
109Symphony No. 31 in D Major, Hob. 1/31 "Hornsignal": III. Menuet & Trio3:53Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
110Symphony No. 31 in D Major, Hob. 1/31 "Hornsignal": IV. Finale10:09Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
113Symphony No. 32 in C Major, Hob. 1/32: III. Adagio ma non troppo4:55Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
123Symphony No. 35 in B-Flat Major, Hob. 1/35: I. Allegro di molto5:03Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
125Symphony No. 35 in B-Flat Major, Hob. 1/35: III. Menuet & Trio3:03Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
129Symphony No. 36 in E-Flat Major, Hob. 1/36: II. Menuetto & Trio3:06Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
135Symphony No. 38 in C Major, Hob. 1/38 "Echo": I. Allegro di molto5:27Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
136Symphony No. 38 in C Major, Hob. 1/38 "Echo": II. Andante molto3:13Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
137Symphony No. 38 in C Major, Hob. 1/38 "Echo": III. Menuet & Trio2:42Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
144Symphony No. 40 in F Major, Hob. 1/40: II. Andante piu tosto Allegretto5:01Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
147Symphony No. 41 in C Major, Hob. 1/41: I. Allegro con spirito6:01Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
151Symphony No. 42 in D Major, Hob. 1/42: I. Moderato e maestoso8:18Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
152Symphony No. 42 in D Major, Hob. 1/42: II. Andantino e cantabile9:37Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
155Symphony No. 43 in E-Flat Major, Hob.I:43 "Mercury": I. Allegro7:17Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
156Symphony No. 43 in E-Flat Major, Hob. 1/43 "Mercury": II. Adagio8:47Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
157Symphony No. 43 in E-Flat Major, Hob.I:43 "Mercury": III. Menuetto & Trio3:15Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
158Symphony No. 43 in E-Flat Major, Hob.I:43 "Mercury": IV. Finale. Allegro4:26Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
159Symphony No. 44 in E Minor, Hob. 1/44 "Mourning": I. Allegro con brio6:19Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
160Symphony No. 44 in E Minor, Hob. 1/44 "Mourning": II. Menuetto & Trio4:19Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
163Symphony No. 45 in F-Sharp Minor, Hob. 1/45 "Farewell": I. Allegro assai7:00Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
164Symphony No. 45 in F-Sharp Minor, Hob. 1/45 "Farewell": II. Adagio7:26Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
165Symphony No. 45 in F-Sharp Minor, Hob.I:45 "Farewell": III. Menuet & Trio. Allegretto4:05Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
166Symphony No. 45 in F-Sharp Minor, Hob.I:45 "Farewell": IV. Finale: Presto - Adagio7:50Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
172Symphony No. 47 in G Major, Hob. 1/47: II. Un poco adagio, cantabile7:07Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
179Symphony No. 49 in F Minor, Hob.I:49 "La Passione": I. Adagio8:15Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
180Symphony No. 49 in F Minor, Hob. 1/49 "La Passione": II. Allegro di molto6:19Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
182Symphony No. 49 in F Minor, Hob.I:49 "La Passione": IV. Finale. Presto3:06Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
183Symphony No. 50 in C Major, Hob. 1/50: I. Adagio e maestoso - Allegro di molto4:39Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
189Symphony No. 51 in B-Flat Major, Hob. 1/51: III. Menuetto - Trio I - Trio II2:57Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
191Symphony No. 52 in C Minor, Hob.I:52: I. Allegro Assai Con Brio6:19Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
193Symphony No. 52 in C Minor, Hob.I:52: III. Menuetto & Trio. Allegretto2:47Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
195Symphony No. 53 in D Major, Hob. 1/53 "L'Impériale": I. Largo maestoso - Vivace8:02Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
196Symphony No. 53 in D Major, Hob. 1/53 "L'Impériale": II. Andante6:17Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
197Symphony No. 53 in D Major, Hob. 1/53 "L'Impériale": III. Menuetto & Trio3:38Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
198Symphony No. 53 in D Major, Hob. 1/53 "L'Impériale": IV. Finale4:35Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
199Symphony No. 54 in G Major, Hob. 1/54: I. Adagio maestoso - Presto5:46Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
203Symphony No. 55 in E-Flat Major, Hob. 1/55 "Der Schulmeister": I. Allegro di molto5:32Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
204Symphony No. 55 in E-Flat Major, Hob. 1/55 "Der Schulmeister": II. Adagio, ma semplicemente5:59Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
205Symphony No. 55 in E-Flat Major, Hob. 1/55 "Der Schulmeister": III. Menutto & Trio4:39Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
206Symphony No. 55 in E-Flat Major, Hob. 1/55 "Der Schulmeister": IV. Finale4:30Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
217Symphony No. 58 in F Major, Hob. 1/58: III. Menuet alla zoppa - Trio2:30Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
219Symphony No. 59 in A Major, Hob. 1/59 "Feuersymphonie": I. Presto4:29Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
220Symphony No. 59 in A Major, Hob. 1/59 "Feuersymphonie": II. Andante o più tosto Allegretto6:17Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
221Symphony No. 59 in A Major, Hob. 1/59 "Feuersymphonie": III. Menuetto & Trio3:37Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
222Symphony No. 59 in A Major, Hob. 1/59 "Feuersymphonie": IV. Allegro assai2:57Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
223Symphony No. 60 in C Major, Hob. 1/60 "Il Distratto": I. Adagio - Allegro di molto5:58Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
225Symphony No. 60 in C Major, Hob. 1/60 "Il Distratto": III. Menuetto & Trio4:13Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
226Symphony No. 60 in C Major, Hob. 1/60 "Il Distratto": IV. Presto3:11Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
227Symphony No. 60 in C Major, Hob. 1/60 "Il Distratto": V. Adagio - di Lamentatione3:58Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
228Symphony No. 60 in C Major, Hob. 1/60 "Il Distratto": VI. Finale1:37Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
237Symphony No. 63 in C Major, Hob. 1/63 "La Roxelane": I. Allegro5:31Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
238Symphony No. 63 in C Major, Hob. 1/63 "La Roxelane": II. Allegretto "La Roxelane"6:25Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
239Symphony No. 63 in C Major, Hob. 1/63 "La Roxelane": III. Menuet & Trio3:35Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
240Symphony No. 63 in C Major, Hob. 1/63 "La Roxelane": IV. Finale4:10Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
243Symphony No. 64 in A Major, Hob.I:64: III. Menuet & Trio. Allegretto2:34Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
245Symphony No. 65 in A Major, Hob. 1/65: I. Vivace e con spirito5:03Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
249Symphony No. 66 in B-Flat Major, Hob. 1/66: I. Allegro con brio6:06Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
257Symphony No. 68 in B-Flat Major, Hob. 1/68 "Tempora mutantor": I. Vivace4:22Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
258Symphony No. 68 in B-Flat Major, Hob. 1/68 "Tempora mutantor": II. Menuetto & Trio2:56Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
259Symphony No. 68 in B-Flat Major, Hob. 1/68 "Tempora mutantor": III. Adagio cantabile10:15Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
260Symphony No. 68 in B-Flat Major, Hob. 1/68 "Tempora mutantor": IV. Finale: Presto5:22Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
262Symphony No. 69 in C Major, Hob. 1/69 "Laudon": I. Un poco adagio più tosto andante9:10Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
263Symphony No. 69 in C Major, Hob. 1/69 "Laudon": III. Menuetto & Trio2:55Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
266Symphony No.70 in D major: II. Specie d'un canone in contrapunto doppio - Andante7:36Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
269Symphony No. 71 in B-Flat Major, Hob. 1/71: I. Adagio - Allegro con brio6:32Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
271Symphony No. 71 in B-Flat Major, Hob. 1/71: III. Menuetto & Trio3:30Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
277Symphony No. 73 in D Major, Hob. 1/73 "La Chasse": I. Adagio - Allegro6:57Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
279Symphony No. 73 in D Major, Hob. 1/73 "La Chasse": III. Menuetto & Trio2:41Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
280Symphony No. 73 in D Major, Hob. 1/73 "La Chasse": IV. Presto "La Chasse"4:56Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
283Symphony No. 74 in E-Flat Major, Hob. 1/74: III. Menuetto & Trio2:58Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
286Symphony No. 75 in D Major, Hob. 1/75: II. Poco adagio - Andante con variazioni7:26Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
290Symphony No. 76 in E-Flat Major, Hob. 1/76: II. Adagio, ma non troppo7:04Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
291Symphony No. 76 in E-Flat Major, Hob. 1/76: III. Menuet & Trio2:43Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
294Symphony No. 77 in B-Flat Major, Hob. 1/77: II. Andante sostenuto5:02Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
295Symphony No. 77 in B-Flat Major, Hob. 1/77: III. Menuetto & Trio2:32Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
301Symphony No. 79 in F Major, Hob. 1/79: I. Allegro con spirito6:15Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
302Symphony No. 79 in F Major, Hob. 1/79: II. Adagio cantabile - un poco allegro6:13Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
313Symphony No. 82 in C Major, Hob. 1/82 "The Bear": I. Vivace assai7:49Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
314Symphony No. 82 in C Major, Hob. 1/82 "The Bear": II. Allegretto7:38Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
317Symphony No. 83 in G Minor, Hob. 1/83 "The Hen": I. Allegro spiritoso7:29Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
319Symphony No. 83 in G Minor, Hob. 1/83 "The Hen": III. Menuet & Trio - Allegretto4:13Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
320Symphony No.83 in G minor, 'La Poule' - The Hen: IV. Finale: Vivace4:19Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
321Symphony No. 84 in E-Flat Major, Hob. 1/84: I. Largo - Allegro7:30Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
323Symphony No. 84 in E-Flat Major, Hob. 1/84: III. Menuet & Trio - Allegretto3:11Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
325Symphony No. 85 in B-Flat Major, Hob. 1/85 "The Queen of France": I. Adagio - Vivace8:18Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
326Symphony No. 85 in B-Flat Major, Hob. 1/85 "The Queen of France": II. Romance7:03Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
327Symphony No. 85 in B-Flat Major, Hob. 1/85 "The Queen of France": III. Menuetto & Trio4:51Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
328Symphony No.85 in B flat major, 'La Reine' - The Queen of France: IV. Finale: Presto3:54Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
329Symphony No. 86 in D Major, Hob. 1/86: I. Adagio - Allegro spiritoso8:20Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
343Symphony No. 89 in F Major, Hob. 1/89: III. Menuet & Trio - Allegretto3:56Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
344Symphony No. 89 in F Major, Hob. 1/89: IV. Finale: Vivace assai4:37Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
349Symphony No. 91 in E-Flat Major, Hob. 1/91: I. Largo - Allegro assai8:48Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
351Symphony No. 91 in E-Flat Major, Hob. 1/91: III. Menuet & Trio - Un poco Allegretto4:20Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
353Symphony No. 92 in G Major, Hob.I:92 "Oxford": I. Adagio - Allegro Spiritoso7:47Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
355Symphony No.92 in G Major, 'Oxford': III. Menuet & Trio - Allegretto5:57Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
356Symphony No. 92 in G Major, Hob.I:92 "Oxford": IV. Finale. Presto5:49Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
357Symphony No. 93 in D Major, Hob. 1/93: I. Adagio - Allegro assai8:13Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
361Symphony No. 94 in G Major, Hob.I:94 "Surprise": I. Adagio - Vivace Assai8:37Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
363Symphony No. 94 in G Major, Hob.I:94 "Surprise": III. Menuet & Trio. Allegro Molto4:59Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
364Symphony No. 94 in G Major, Hob.I:94 "Surprise": IV. Finale. Allegro Di Molto3:54Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
374Symphony No. 97 in C Major, Hob. 1/97: II. Adagio ma non troppo7:51Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
379Symphony No. 98 in B-Flat Major, Hob. 1/98: III. Menuet & Trio5:54Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
383Symphony No. 99 in E-Flat Major, Hob. 1/99: III. Menuet & Trio5:57Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
385Symphony No. 100 in G Major, Hob. 1/100 "Military": I. Adagio - Allegro7:52Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
386Symphony No. 100 in G Major, Hob. 1/100 "Military": II. Allegretto5:50Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
387Symphony No. 100 in G Major, Hob. 1/100 "Military": III. Menuet & Trio5:14Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
388Symphony No. 100 in G Major, Hob. 1/100 "Military": IV. Finale5:23Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
389Symphony No. 101 in D Major, Hob. 1/101 "Clock": I. Adagio - Presto8:21Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
391Symphony No. 101 in D major - 'Clock': III. Menuet & Trio: Allegretto8:25Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
393Symphony No. 102 in B-Flat Major, Hob. 1/102 "Miracle": I. Largo - Allegro vivace8:59Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
394Symphony No. 102 in B-Flat Major, Hob. 1/102 "Miracle": II. Adagio6:10Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
395Symphony No. 102 in B-Flat Major, Hob. 1/102 "Miracle": III. Menuetto & Trio6:49Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
396Symphony No. 102 in B flat major - 'Miracle': IV. Finale: Presto4:42Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
397Symphony No. 103 in E-Flat Major, Hob. 1/103 "Drumroll": I. Adagio - Allegro con spirito9:25Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
398Symphony No.103 in E flat major - 'Drumroll': II. Andante più tosto allegretto10:30Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
399Symphony No.103 in E flat major - 'Drumroll': III. Menuet & Trio5:11Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
400Symphony No. 103 in E-Flat Major, Hob. 1/103 "Drumroll": IV. Finale5:20Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
401Symphony No. 104 in D Major, Hob. 1/104 "London": I. Adagio - Allegro8:49Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
403Symphony No. 104 in D Major, Hob. 1/104 "London": III. Menuetto & Trio5:18Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
406Sinfonia Concertante in B-Flat Major, Hob. 1/105: II. Andante5:38Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
407Sinfonia Concertante in B-Flat Major, Hob. 1/105: III. Allegro con spirito6:26Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
412Symphony "B" in B-Flat Major, Hob. 1/108: II. Menuetto & Trio3:09Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra
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Haydn: The Complete Symphonies
Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra Lyrics
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