Heinrich Ignaz Franz von Biber (1644–1704) was a Czech-Austrian composer an… Read Full Bio ↴Heinrich Ignaz Franz von Biber (1644–1704) was a Czech-Austrian composer and violinist.
Biber was born on 12th August 1644 in Stráž pod Ralskem (Czechia). He was a violinist at the castle of Kromeriz and the Salzburg court, and In 1684 became Kapellmeister in Salzburg, where he died twenty years later on 3rd May 1704.
His works show a predilection for canonic use and harmonic diapason that pre-date the later Baroque works of Johann Pachelbel and Johann Sebastian Bach. He was known as a violin virtuoso and is best known for his violin works, many of which employ scordatura (unconventional tunings of the open strings).
The music of Biber has enjoyed a renaissance, in part, because of "The Rosary Sonatas". This set of fifteen sonatas is also known as "The Mystery Sonatas" (for key events in the lives of the Virgin Mary and Christ) and "The Copper-Engraving Sonatas" (for the engravings at the head of the sonatas). Each sonata employs a different tuning of the violin. This use of scordatura transforms the violin from the pleasures of the Five Joyful Mysteries (the Annunciation, etc.) to the trauma of the Five Sorrowful Mysteries (the Crucifixion, etc.) to ethereal nature of the Five Glorious Mysteries (the Resurrection, etc.). The reconfiguration of the violin is also symbolic. For example, the middle two strings of the violin are crossed for the "Resurrection" sonata.
Biber wrote choral and chamber music, concerti, operas, and a number of better-known pieces such as the "Nightwatchman" Serenade and "Harmonia Artificiosa". A work which is currently attributed to him (formerly it was attributed to Orazio Benevoli) is the Missa Salisburgensis, a polyphonic setting of the mass for fifty-three independent voices. Whether or not it is by Biber, it has more independent contrapuntal lines than any other piece of music from before the twentieth century.
Biber was born on 12th August 1644 in Stráž pod Ralskem (Czechia). He was a violinist at the castle of Kromeriz and the Salzburg court, and In 1684 became Kapellmeister in Salzburg, where he died twenty years later on 3rd May 1704.
His works show a predilection for canonic use and harmonic diapason that pre-date the later Baroque works of Johann Pachelbel and Johann Sebastian Bach. He was known as a violin virtuoso and is best known for his violin works, many of which employ scordatura (unconventional tunings of the open strings).
The music of Biber has enjoyed a renaissance, in part, because of "The Rosary Sonatas". This set of fifteen sonatas is also known as "The Mystery Sonatas" (for key events in the lives of the Virgin Mary and Christ) and "The Copper-Engraving Sonatas" (for the engravings at the head of the sonatas). Each sonata employs a different tuning of the violin. This use of scordatura transforms the violin from the pleasures of the Five Joyful Mysteries (the Annunciation, etc.) to the trauma of the Five Sorrowful Mysteries (the Crucifixion, etc.) to ethereal nature of the Five Glorious Mysteries (the Resurrection, etc.). The reconfiguration of the violin is also symbolic. For example, the middle two strings of the violin are crossed for the "Resurrection" sonata.
Biber wrote choral and chamber music, concerti, operas, and a number of better-known pieces such as the "Nightwatchman" Serenade and "Harmonia Artificiosa". A work which is currently attributed to him (formerly it was attributed to Orazio Benevoli) is the Missa Salisburgensis, a polyphonic setting of the mass for fifty-three independent voices. Whether or not it is by Biber, it has more independent contrapuntal lines than any other piece of music from before the twentieth century.
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10Rosary Sonata IV - The Presentation of Jesus in the Temple: I. Ciacona9:01Heinrich Ignaz Franz von Biber
11Rosary Sonata V - The Finding Of Jesus In The Temple: I. Praeludium1:09Heinrich Ignaz Franz von Biber
12Rosary Sonata V - The Finding Of Jesus In The Temple: II. Allamanda1:22Heinrich Ignaz Franz von Biber
13Rosary Sonata V - The Finding Of Jesus In The Temple: III. Guigue1:15Heinrich Ignaz Franz von Biber
14Rosary Sonata V - The Finding Of Jesus In The Temple: IV. Sarabanda, Double3:37Heinrich Ignaz Franz von Biber
16Rosary Sonata VII - The Scourging At The Pillar: I. Allamanda, Variatio5:14Heinrich Ignaz Franz von Biber
17Rosary Sonata VII - The Scourging At The Pillar: II. Sarabanda, Variatio5:36Heinrich Ignaz Franz von Biber
19Rosary Sonata VIII - The Crowning With Thorns: II. Guigue, Double 1, Double 23:44Heinrich Ignaz Franz von Biber
21Rosary Sonata IX - The Carrying Of The Cross: II. Courente, Double4:51Heinrich Ignaz Franz von Biber
23Rosary Sonata X - The Crucifixion And Death Of Jesus: I. Praeludium1:22Heinrich Ignaz Franz von Biber
25Rosary Sonata X - The Crucifixion And Death Of Jesus: III. Variatio4:23Heinrich Ignaz Franz von Biber
34Rosary Sonata XIII - The Descent Of The Holy Spirit: II. Gavotta1:33Heinrich Ignaz Franz von Biber
35Rosary Sonata XIII - The Descent Of The Holy Spirit: III. Guigue1:49Heinrich Ignaz Franz von Biber
36Rosary Sonata XIII - The Descent Of The Holy Spirit: IV. Sarabanda1:33Heinrich Ignaz Franz von Biber
37Rosary Sonata XIV - The Assumption of Mary Into Heaven: I. [Sonata]2:27Heinrich Ignaz Franz von Biber
38Rosary Sonata XIV - The Assumption of Mary Into Heaven: II. Aria7:09Heinrich Ignaz Franz von Biber
39Rosary Sonata XV - The Coronation of Mary As Queen Of Heaven And Earth: I. Sonata1:54Heinrich Ignaz Franz von Biber
40Rosary Sonata XV - The Coronation of Mary As Queen Of Heaven And Earth: II. Aria, [Variatio]5:53Heinrich Ignaz Franz von Biber
41Rosary Sonata XV - The Coronation of Mary As Queen Of Heaven And Earth: III. Canzona1:55Heinrich Ignaz Franz von Biber
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Biber: The Rosary Sonatas
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