Just Start From Now～從今天開始
巫慧敏 Lyrics

你弹着悠扬温柔吉他
我哼着轻松随意歌谣
围绕着你我的一切
这感觉真美好
喜欢看你暖暖的笑脸
喜欢握你坚实的双手
相逢遥远异国都市
这缘分太奇妙
未来就好像是一个
一个神秘的未知数

明天它到底会怎样
谁也无法预料
比上眼睛深深呼吸
呼吸有着你的空气
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从今天开始
我的世界开始涂上
涂上你明媚的颜色
有阳光有风雨的日子
一起微笑面对
相依相偎相亲相爱
相牵挂着相舍不得
让我们手握手面对面
从今天开始
你弹着悠扬温柔吉他
我哼着轻松随意歌谣
围绕着你我的一切
这感觉真美好
喜欢看你暖暖的笑脸
喜欢握你坚实的双手
相逢遥远异国都市
这缘分太奇妙
珍惜每个平凡日子
从今天开始

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Most interesting comments from YouTube:

Robert Boeckmann

2y↑1

Hi Marcus
Big fan here. Thank you to you and your team for all that you do.
I am a Social Psychologist (PhD UC Berkeley 1997) and have been an academic for the past 25 years or so (including a 5 year position in Australia).
I was very very glad to hear your comments regarding the psychological and social psychological considerations for extended space exploration. Spot on!

I often worry that with all the keen focus on the technical mechanical challenges involved and to a lesser extent the biological challenges involved in space exploration… that kind of emphasis could become a weakness in the overall plan unless more research is conducted on the psychological challenges.

We could find ourselves with a fully capable space craft and with a habitation module with all human biological and physiological needs effectively addressed - and yet the mission could end up being a complete failure due psychological problems experienced by the crew.

The crew’s psychological well being and performance is critical to the success even if all those other things are addressed and all systems could autonomously function to get there and back.

I have researched (casually) the empirical studies of psychological challenges of space exploration and I would say that the extent of the research is well behind the engineering and biological research on space exploration.

I would be keen to see you and your team do an in-depth video on the state of our understanding of the psychological issues that will need to be addressed for an effective mission to Mars or even longer term stays on the moon.

Give me a shout if you agree and would like me to support that effort in any way.

Cheers,
Robert Boeckmann

Joe Parker

48w

Hi Marcus, thanks for a great vid, well presented. You're right to highlight microbes' altered behaviour in microgravity: this was a fairly expected result but still complicates things. Tbh, while there aren't any easy problems in HSF, the one you mentioned with the worse potential-to-ruin-a-mission-to-effort-spent-tackling-it ratio is the microbial one.

While it's true the ISS astronauts can and do implement rigorous cleaning and swabbing (testing) procedures, and we can now carry a portable DNA sequencer with enough reagents for hundreds of metagenome analysess in a briefcase, the nature of terrestrial / marine biofilms here on Earth is still being worked out. This occurs at the microbe-surface, microbe-host (human or plant) and microbe-microbe interface.

This is particularly significant given the biggest sources of microbial contamination in artificial environments are... us, and there's accumulating evidence that some human commensals/pathogens (in fact, even the extremely common respiratory bug P. aeruginosa) can successfully initiate biofilms on, and potentially cause necrosis of, plant tissue. Obviously there's substantial challenges there for long-term plant cultivation for food (or even wellbeing!) on any extended timescale.

The engineers' preferred approach so far has been 'lots of cleaning, and sterilise stuff before it goes up' but that is unlikely to be sufficient long-term - while the ISS has been continuously occupied without incident for a couple of decades, for instance, it has been steadily getting skankier (technical microbe term!) and there has not AFAIK been a successful, long-term, non-sterile (eg humans interacting to prune/harvest) growth chamber demonstration.

The good news is we're starting to develop micro- and nano-structured surfaces which impede or alter biofilm initiation dynamics but scaling these up to a spacecraft is a way off. Alternatively, we could play the bugs at their own game and deliberately engineer a microbial community composition with enough diversity that harmless commensal species outcompete harmful ones -- but again, the dynamics of this are a long way from the level of understanding we'd need to implement this practically; the more complex a natural system is, the more unpredictable. See Biosphere2 outcome for an example.

Anyway cheers. 😀

All comments from YouTube:

Marcus House

2y↑74

Have a great week everyone! For those interested in the presented Curiosity Stream episode, you can check it out at Curiosity Stream at https://curiositystream.com/marcushouse
If you already have it, the direct link to the episode is https://curiositystream.com/video/1144.

DarthVader DaGreat

2y↑3

Why does no one else go to the moon? Or has gone to the moon since then? that is very odd. Seems strange. We need a New American Dream. Family in Space? Find your own Planet, and Join the Federation of Space Planets. I don't know, but just owning a House seems Dated.

Ben Hanny

2y↑1

It actually is an amazing documentary streaming service. Highly recommended

Adolf w Kopsie

Have you thought about joining Nebula?

Folker46 !

And Elon wants to try to raise children in that kind of environment? Madness.

Lethgar Smith

2y↑1

Can someone explain how Starship is supposed to land on the surface of the Moon without some kind of landing gear system? We've seen that thing tip over on those little nubs before, if it falls over on the Moon they're stuck!

8 More Replies...

James F

2y↑128

As usual, a magnificently assembled plethora of intellectual ideas and information. You sir, have once again, along with your crew, outdone yourself. Thankyou

Marcus House

2y↑4

Thanks very much James!

Jakub Musil

2y↑2

except if you actually compare facts to the bs he says. Just calculate the volume of water needed for the shielding for example...

iLL

@Jakub Musil I may be wrong, but you'd need a fair bit of water to get to Mars. Surely using that as shielding would work, at least for most of the trip.

Alan Hart

2y↑10

Well done on this special mid-week video. I’ve watched it several times and learn new things each time. Great research, production and delivery.

Wayne The Sceine

2y↑4

Thank you Marcus. This was an awesome piece. It highlights complicated problems that seem impossible to resolve but also reveals the high level of intellect and creativity of those who seem light years ahead of us average humans. Such remarkable people dedicating their lives to these endeavors should inspire us all.

Matt Lowne

2y↑128

I find the issue of eye problems induced by long term zero G an interesting one. Not like any Mars colonists can see an optometrist or ophthalmologist out there, I think there's a very real risk of several Mars dwellers getting intractable vision loss or even blindness on a Mars mission

Juan Reza

2y↑34

The diagnostic equipment and treatment capabilities for use by a trained ophthalmological technician are within reason to bring along on a Mars/Moon mission. Consider also that imaging from these devices can be transmitted to Earth-based physicians to then guide on-board techs. The most likely type of damage to the eye include exposure of the lens to radiation as well as zero-G, retinal vascular changes, macula edema, and distortion of the cornea and trabecular meshwork, in addition to the now-known effects of microgravity. Conventional apparatus such as the slit lamp, applanation tonometer, ocular coherence tomography, and (for retina tear) yag laser, are small, light and relatively easy to use. A likely impact of some of the above eye problems is increased intraocular pressure IOP that can lead to glaucoma but is manageable with ophthalmic eye solutions for several years. So I have an optimistic outlook on this particular :) .

Sebi One

2y↑11

Simple. Tether two starships together at the nose with a long cable and spin them end over end to simulate gravity. Problem solved.

TEAser

2y↑8

@Sebi One No
The amount of rotations per second needed is uncomfortable to humans

Pangaea

2y↑8

@Sebi One If only it were that simple, lol!

Durandal Gmx

2y↑10

@TEAser That depends on the distance to the rotation point and rotational speed. Tethering two Starships or one against a weight allows for lengthening the tether and lowering the rotational speed and thus solving the discomfort.

45 More Replies...

JackMack

2y↑4

I learned so much from this video, Marcus! Thanks for the bonus mid-week video and as always love your weekly videos, too!

Stefan de Vogel

2y↑8

Dear Marcus, thanks so much for offering such thoughtful space updates every weekend; this video is a great reminder of what it will take to design and engineer human missions to mars. Let's hope development of necessary capabilities turns out successful in the next decade or so! Best regards from a space follower from the Netherlands- Stefan.

刀冰

2y↑108

I’m always looking forward to watching your videos Marcus, every Saturday I pick up my phone and wait for your videos, but then there’s the unexpected mid week video! Can express the appreciation enough for the extra effort.

Marcus House

2y↑12

Awesome of you to keep coming back. I appreciate you and all those that do the same!

Gray McNeish

2y↑2

I feel the same. Much thanks!!!

1 More Replies...

Gary Horner

2y↑3

As usual, an excellent presentation of some factors involved in traveling to Mars that usually aren't discussed or even considered by individuals that maintain romantic idealizations of traveling and living there.

Dan Swan

2y↑2

What a wonderful video filled with brilliant information……Marcus…you and your crew are offering such an amazing service for those of us who can see our future in space. This is definitely a video that needed to be made, and I’m sure I’m not the only one who feels that way. Thank you so much for educating us on these important issues awaiting those brave souls who will make those first journeys into the universe.

Bogdan C.

2y↑1

You are gifted, sir! Other addressed the same issues but didn't work for them so well. Nor for us :) Please do continue on this path, although I must admit it's not easy at all!

Biff Pope

Terrific, thought provoking compilation Marcus and team- only added to by today's weekly update. Well done all!!

Juan Reza

2y↑36

I particularly enjoy how Marcus makes positive remarks about all the rocket activities of different companies, even the ( how should I say ) interestingly unexpected functionality outside the optimally intended design objectives, which yield valuable data for evolving the next iteration. After all, rocketry is not easy. :)

P A

2y↑1

Yeah. Radiation sections were tough, but he made them sound possible (despite being pretty impossible).

eekee

2y↑1

@P A Radiation is at least easy to measure. Biology on the other hand... well, it's a good thing research has been conducted for so many years.

basbekjenl

2y↑77

Let's hope he can do it in his lifetime, people walking on the moon and mars would be another awesome milestone for this century.

Marcus House

2y↑33

I somewhat see Starship as a means to get a lot of mass to orbit quickly. To be honest, I am kind of wishing to see nuclear propulsion making a big comeback. Especially as a Mars transfer vehicle option.

Alden Consolver

2y↑3

@Marcus House I have solid faith in SpaceX being able to use fission reactors to power a Mars Colony. Wish I could say the same for the greedheads in charge of the electric companies here on earth. As far as generation here on earth, prefer fusion or at least Thorium fission, if you follow fission facility accidents it is usually caused by financial corner-cutting if not in equipment then in training.

Saumya Cow

2y↑3

@Marcus House When we finally come to terms with the fact that "colonisation" is a distraction and we settle down to fulfilling the challenge of a realistic, but limited exploration of Mars, we will need super heavy cargo vehicles to get lots of stuff into Earth orbit. If Starship succeeds (both in engineering and economic terms) then it could prove a useful workhorse cargo delivery vehicle to get stuff relatively cheaply into Earth orbit. However, Starship will never be carrying humans to Mars. There is no "business case" for this. And for a realistic exploratory mission to Mars, we need a vehicle that takes people safely from Earth orbit to Mars orbit and then returns them safely to Earth orbit. A true space-faring vehicle, not a vehicle designed for planetary ascent/landing. Starship is an inherent compromise.

Teboski78

@Marcus House ISRU & aerobraking bring about
Similar step changes in overall efficiency as nuclear thermal propulsion. Would love to see the technology get advanced a lot further though. Gaseous core reactors or something like the nuclear salt water rocket may be what enables large scale colonization of the solar system

16 More Replies...

David Read

2y↑2

This is amazing Marcus. We learn something from each one of your videos. And fortunately there's on about 48 hours until your next one on Saturday morning!

Christopher Darwin

2y↑2

Well done! Keep up the enthusiasm! I would like to see more Mars habit and colony designs. I don’t thin’ SpaceX has gone as far as the Mars Society have in practical application, build and development.

Matthew Novakowski

Fantastic work, Marcus - so many factors/challenges that not everyone thinks of. Thank you - I've already watched it twice, actually.

L Dewey MD

2y↑14

Great video, as always. Whenever I hear of "difficulties of space travel/colonizing Mars", etc., I remember the quote from Jim Lovell: "It wasn't a miracle that we landed on the Moon. We simply decided to go." We as a species decide on what are important challenges. Once we make up our minds and focus our efforts, we can probably eventually do just about anything.

dur shurrikun

2y↑4

Utter nonsense.
Wanting to do something isn't going to make people able to actually do it, when it is either impossible in practice or theory.

People wanting faster than light travel aren't gonna get it no matter how much they want it, because it is physically impossible.

Going to Mars is also impossible, now, in practice.

Rory Gibbons

Going faster than light is not impossible

executivesteps

2y↑2

Going to the Moon for 3 days and returning compared to even a minimal Mars trip is like comparing apples to elephants.

Henry A'Taxi

2y↑1

Van allen belt. .....anyone??

Henry A'Taxi

@Rory Gibbons sure why not. lets go faster than light by spitting while we at light speed.

Brian Griffiths

2y↑3

I have watched this channel for several years and you exceeded yourself with this video, Marcus, which was very informative and made for great viewing. The psychological issues could be problematic enough but it is the longer term effects on human anatomy that would concern me the most were I a crew member.

Vicente Coentro

2y↑3

I love seeing your program normally, but this one with the plunge into the possible problems that we can count on the travelling and stay in Mars is really well don, congrats 👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👍🏻

Robert Boeckmann

2y↑1

Dave Tailor

2y↑2

2nd viewing of this AWSOME content..! Inspirational , educating, and very well presented. The graphics really help the viewer understand the complexities of Aerospace Engineering. Cannot wait to see this all become a reality quite soon...!

Frederic Marks

2y↑9

In-depth on each aspect of this episode would be great! Thank you so much for your hard work!!

Ray L

2y↑1

The exposure amount over the transit and Mars time is dependant on how much shielding you have during certain periods of time. A lot of the exposure alarmists for a Mars mission are based on minimal shielding and constant exposure during the duration of the mission

Nerdtronaut

2y↑3

Very interesting and informative video. A video about the daily life on Mars would be cool!

Goose Died

2y↑5

Hey Marcus, love the weekly updates! For the first mission to Mars, how about we propose a one-way mission that takes a team of volunteers but are not expecting to return? Conversional but as a 61 year old space fan I would jump on the opportunity to provide inspiration to my grandchildren.

eekee

2y↑1

I used to dream of that, but then I realised that learning how I died might very well give people entirely the opposite inspiration. Inspirational stories about death hide what it feels like to die, but if someone dies on-camera or even if enough real details are supplied... well, for comparison, war propaganda hasn't shown a truly realistic portrayal since the Battle of the Somme was filmed in 1916. That film, intended to be propaganda, turned a lot of people off war. Humans don't accept death unless it's romanticized.

Tom Burns

2y↑2

Great video! Your research and presentation are outstanding

TeslaElectron

2y↑2

I really enjoyed this one Marcus. I suspect we may need to create some kind of artificial gravity for long duration trips, like mars. A video on artificial gravity possible solutions would be interesting. Thanks again.

Marcus House

2y↑1

Thanks. Will keep this in mind.

Farmer Pete

2y↑4

The whole video was just great! Well presented and key points nicely explained. Thanks!

Corvin

2y↑3

Great video, Marcus! These are the questions that raise serious doubts in my mind about the viability of Mars colonization by humans, as much as Musk sends to trivialize them. The evolutionary selection pressures on humans will be so high that a new species will have to evolve to successfully live on Mars. The outcome will be evident long after my time though. Keep on making great videos.

Tom

2y↑12

Love the Midweek content Marcus, I was hoping you would do it as a lot of channels have been going that route with Documentary style Vlogs and I am enjoying yours, from South Africa. Thanks for all the informative and engaging content.

Marcus House

2y↑1

Thanks Thomas!

Bentley and Grant videos

2y↑7

I look forward to watching your videos every Saturday. You are the most accurate and in-depth channel on SpaceX that I have able to find so keep up the great work!

Marcus House

Thanks. I'm glad you love what we do.

Chuck in Texas

Marcus - EXCELLENT Presentation. The hazards and possibilities of the trip to Mars very well covered !
Most exciting thing for ME us that we're aware of BOTH the hazards AND ways to mitigate them, and that there's THIS MUCH Excited INTEREST in doing so !
L & S 'ed a while back and GLAD I did 👍!

Eric Davies

2y↑2

Thanks Marcus and crew for all the great work you are doing. It is much appreciated. One thing that occurred to me was that maybe SpaceX is thinking of using artificial gravity on the trips to Mars. In and interview a while ago Elon was asked if SpaceX had considered using centrifugal force to simulate gravity and his answer was 'yes'. This would be relatively easy to achieve by tethering two starships together by the nose with say a 1000 m tether and rotating at 1.3376 RPM. The coriolis force would be minimal and only be noticeable when moving from one level to another. Note also that SpaceX always intends to send ships to Mars in pairs, never singly.

Mark Pierro

2y↑3

I really enjoyed this one Marcus. Great work by you and the team, so much to take in.

Scott Coulson

2y↑2

Wow, hugely interesting. Thanks much! Would love to see more ideation on the current school of thought on cargo / infrastructure configuration to support an initial Mars visit - not a colony. I think the medical factors are fascinating as well. I believe the psychological issues we will simply deal with. We are tough - no one ever thought we would cross oceans, through violent storms, packed into wind-powered wooden crates, but we explored the world and colonized North America this way. But radiation and gravity, as well as microbes and immunity are a different level of challenge. Would be cool to learn more on those as well.

Scott Bishop

They could easily adapt the pressure suits that pilots wear to prevent them pass out during high G maneuvers, this might help them regulate the blood flow to the limbs etc (maybe ever add additional tech to put their bones under a little pressure by restricting physical movement and requiring extra effort to move around to give the muscles something to make them feedback as it were).

Harvens Piou

2y↑8

Once you introduced nasa’s RIDGE acronym, I found myself hoping for a 5 part deep dive series with each episode focusing on one topic.
A bit sad that it wasn’t the case but, as always, I learned a lot thanks to you!

Chace957

2y↑15

My feeling is, with the (hopefully) greater mass/price ratios, the solution to microgravity is primarily an engineering problem, and I think this should be perhaps the primarily focus for the crew mission to mats and beyond. Using rotation to simulate gravity will address a lot of these medical microgravity problems,but obviously takes a bit more up front. I think the way they did it in The Martian with a ‘transport’ ship that stays in orbit and does the ferrying with the structure to do the ‘gravity spin’ seems key. Park it in a good spot (moon orbit? Lagrange point?) and use regular starship to get to it and ferry fuel to it. Also, and I think musk has mentioned this, but we should send a metric fuckton of supplies and material ahead. Go big. I think something like 100 starships full of various cargo to build and maintain the habitats

Matthias

2y↑1

Yes, the clotting problem is much more manageable with artificial gravity combined with special clothing that regularly pressurizes different extremities. I'm surprised that there hasn't been a fatality on the ISS so far considering how severe this clotting issue is in microgravity. Regarding radiation, I'm certain that it can be managed with the right metabolic regulation, which means enhanced apoptosis and autophagy regulation. It's basically a prophylactic cancer treatment but without chemotherapy. The only reason that this isn't applied on Earth is the greed of big pharma. Big pharma generally isn't interested in prophylactic treatments and they conspire with the health agencies to prevent regulations that would allow recommendations for prophylactic measures. There's so much more money to make by treating illnesses that remain unprevented.

Togidubnus

2y↑2

Rotating space craft is an engineering problem that is beyond complex. Using spin stabilisation on a craft consisting of static components is straight forward , but when you have a crew who move around and who are in turn moving masses around within the craft, then it's a recipe for trouble. Move any mass in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation, and it's going to be free-floating and out of control, resulting in injuries and destruction, and directional stability of the craft will be compromised. Crash, bang, wibble, wobble. Space sickness. And when the crew arrive, bruised and battered, nauseous, and see that Mars is a toilet, they'll wonder if it was all worth it.

Penfold011082

100 Starships, so that's about 600 refueling launches to go with it if not more, each requiring 3600 tons of propellant for the booster alone. I think you have a problem with scale.

Nataraj Subramanian

2y↑1

Great video as always, Marcus. Here’s an idea for follow-up videos: conversations with leading research-teams at NASA and elsewhere working on mitigating each of those risk factors.

What do you think?

Seth Harwood

2y↑55

It's worth mentioning that you estimate 1000 mSv over 30 months for a mars trip, and that yes that is far higher than humans on Earth get on *average*, but citizens of Ramsar Iran might receive up to 650 mSv in that same amount of time. So the differences there may not be as dramatic as the "65x the average on earth" statistic makes it out to be.

stargot1

2y↑3

I new Iranian people might be useful one day 😇

2 More Replies...

Me Notyou

2y↑26

I was 4 years old when Man went to the Moon for the 1st. time, and I remember running outside after they landed and looking up at the moon and knowing they were there was such a trip.

Manu Wilson

2y↑2

...well said.

Texan-American

We're a quickly shrinking population of people who actually looked up and seen the moon that never had a human on it.

Kenn Honson

2y↑1

@Texan-American There's no difference before and after. The moon looks the same, behaves the same, and is the same.

Texan-American

@Kenn Honson
I don't think that you understand the meaning of what I'm saying. Yes, the moon is the moon, but there are those who saw it and wondered if anyone would ever go there and there are those who look at it and wonder if we'll ever return. It's perspective and not what it looks like. You're obviously one of those who never seen it before it was explored.

eekee

2y↑1

@Texan-American The last person to walk on the Moon did so a year or two before I was born, but it took me years to really understand people had been to that pretty white thing I see in the sky. I still look up and find it hard to imagine the footprints. Different brain, different perspective, I guess. :)

1 More Replies...

Jeremy Craig

2y↑3

Thank you Marcus for a surprise Tuesday video! I look forward to every Saturday video so this was an unexpected bonus!!

Alan Cadorette

2y↑3

I think a moon base would need to be a first step , for practice and data gathering . Also since it a lot closer easier to send help

Carnal_N8ure

2y↑2

Thanks for your work on this. Good job.

T S

Great video. A few ideas for the RIDGE risks you might explore later: Radiation: I have seen videos suggesting generation of an electric field in space around Mars - perhaps there is some way to use a small ion engine to generate a circulating ionic field over the ship or ionic umbrella in front of the ship, or place a satellite over the Mars base at the proper distance to deflect the worst of it, Isolation: The teams for 2024 should already be living in a hab together to weed out people who don't get along over 2023, as in KS Robinson's Mars trilogy. Distance: Exchanging video streams with loved ones at home or support groups (fan clubs) could easily be set up, the time delay is no big deal and even some satellites could be strewn along the way to boost transmission, Gravity: This is a big one. But I have seen development of exoskeletons for military or disabled being worked on, why not provide that equipment onboard. In an emergency of muscle atrophy, a crewmember could glide into the exoskeleton and let that power them around, gradually decreasing the 'power' knob until they are moving it themselves. If a slim enough exosuit was developed, they crew could just wear it a few hours a day, and the suit could add stress on their limbs by generating electrically powered resistance to equal or near earth gravity. Just like walking on earth. Environment: Definitely a more ergonomic design for the starship, with clean smooth surfaces in the ship (instead of tons of dangling wires and protruding joints) would make swabbing the surface easy with an antiseptic scrub. The crew could have a regular cleaning routine for the ship interior, and a mini-vacuum to catch floating food (or other biologic) scraps would help. We should start thinking outside the box of prior NASA missions, and adapt existing tech for this type of long term mission as we have for habitat building on Mars already. Would love to see these type of ideas explored or others that achieve the same.

Cynthia Diaz

Some great points about Mars missions. Thoughts on artificial mini-magnetosphere for reduced exposure during Mars missions?

Matthew Molina

Thank you very much. Your detailed description of the problems and possible solutions in traveling to Mars is magnificent. I've heard several "experts" on Mars who were unconvincing with their facts. You have provided solutions where they could not, and you point out problems they could not. You have done a fantastic and coherent job on man traveling to Mars. thx Matthew

Tippenleaf Slightfinger

2y↑2

As I watched this, I kept thinking how pessimistic you were, and then every subject you covered how to mitigate those issues. I ended up enjoying watching you cover some of the issues involved in the journey. You are very right that there is much more that should be covered on this topic. Very good video, thank you.

Zbysek Legindi

2y↑10

Thank you for another episode, I think that this one was best so far....everything what I was expecting you said, briliant you are the best

Severino Pereira Carollo Filho

2y↑1

Congratulations! Very good explanation and well done video / images information! I enjoyed it very much!

Duct Tape Tech

I wonder if Starship could somehow produce it's own magnetic field strong enough to protect it from solar radiation or at least mitigate it somewhat.

Kris Kruz

Interesting video! There are a lot of factors to consider when travelling to Mars!

Smarty Carty

Well researched Marcus. A simple trip to mars is not so simple. I look forward to your weekly videos and this was a bonus. Thank you.

Russell Tilling

I'm interested in how tunnels - both existing and man made - on the martian surface could be surveyed, improved and then utilized for human use. Tunnels seem to be a logical mitigation against the lethal solar and interstellar radiation on mars. (I wonder if Perseverance is taking measurements of it.) As already suggested, spacex's robo dog from boston dynamics might be useful for survey work lol

Adrian Auler

2y↑3

I love your work; Marcus, you're one of my top favorites for space exploration videos. If I had to offer a critique, I'd ask that you slow your delivery a tad since I sometimes have to rewind a bit to catch everything you said. You do so much research that your content is rich with information, but you speak rather quickly so I'm sometimes unsure that I caught it all. Otherwise, I find you just delightful and your videos rewarding. In reference to the problem of low gravity for extended sojourns in space, I take my cue from the Gateway space station folks. I don't know whether they're in touch with Elon, since in their videos they often include Starship approaching to dock with their proposed space station. This, plus their use of von Braun's concepts, immediately puts them high on my list of researchers. It seems it would be easy and reasonable to set Starship rotating around its axis on the voyage to Mars; this would create a sense of "down" towards the outer hull as a solution to the psychological problem, and as a real state of gravity for our biological necessities. That is also where the greatest volume of (dare I say it) space is in the ship. The central volume could be used for storage and imaginatively used towards the nose with that big window as a social setting - a Starship "10 Forward", to rip off a "Star Trek the Next Generation" usage.

TheSoundsage

Change playback speed to .75

Jeff Harrison

2y↑1

Fantastic work Marcus. Indeed a great deal to think about. The scientist and engineers have their work cut out, but I'm confident the issues will be overcome. However, with all pioneering voyages, there will be injury and probably a few deaths.

Ed or Harriet

2y↑1

Another great video!
Humans are adoptable. Look at the early long distant sailing voyages or even the Navy deployments where we were in close proximity to people we did not like for over a year. We already have 6 months on the space station followed by heavy earth gravity as a routine experience.
Yes, there will be trying times and unexpected dangers and many may have their lives ended or cut short by radiation, etc. Still, I do not see any show stoppers, except perhaps for apathy about going.

Eriberto Acedo

Thank you Marcus really appreciate your insight to what is needed to venture out into the open space and eventually colonized everywhere so our species will not be fried by the sun when it goes and does its thing. I won’t be around either but hopefully maybe one of my offsprings will be a representative of our family on a new planet called home may God grant me that wish!✝️🇺🇸

ilmarinen79

2y↑1

I wish I could get a glimpse into the future and see what the detailed final manifest will be for the first supply shipments. It must be pretty crazy for the very ultimate trip!

Vodhin

Wonderful video. I think I like these Tuesday Specials better than your Saturday updates. It's nice to hear about actual work preparing for deep space missions unlike other presenters who make videos that rely mostly on speculation. Perhaps you should focus on Radiation Shielding experiments and concepts for your next one?

The Interfaith Shepherd

2y↑3

Great job on this Mars visit summary video, Marcus!!!!

There are lots of documentaries on this subject, and I've seen them.

Yours is the best I've seen .... you've collected SO much information and all the great footage was superb!!

Keep it up!!

RADROOK

After watching 2001 a Space Odyssey, I had very confidently taken it for granted that the things shown in the film, such as a moon-base, a very spacious Space Station, and human travel to other Solar System regions, would be certain realities by that date.

Matthew Molina

What interests me most is the mechanics and electronics of the Mars Base and how leaving earth changes the human body, calcium and bone, blood pressure, also the things that could kill the travelers, is very interesting to me.

H David Ritscher

Regarding the problem of Gravity: I suggest that two Starships be connected with cables and then spun to create "spin gravity" for most of the trip to and from Mars. The rate of spin can be set to match the gravity on the destination.

Magnum

2y↑1

Thank you, Marcus! Your videos are full of information!

otseroeg

2y↑1

Great work! Thank you. Really got a lot out of it.

racookster

2y↑13

I see Marcus already made a post that addressed this, but even before I saw it, I came away from the video thinking we won't really be ready for Mars until we have nuclear-powered ships that spin to simulate gravity, ideally with better radiation shielding. Starship looks as if it will be incredible as a workhorse that's cheaper and safer than the old Shuttle, and even for establishing colonies on the moon, but for human presence outside cislunar space, we'll need something better than chemical propulsion.

cbuchner1

Why not tether two starships together and let them spin around each other?

Joe Parker

48w

Roy Sheaks

Even with the first manned Mars missions getting underway, new technologies for dealing with radiation and other problems would emerge to deal with them. Being a pioneer is a tough job, but things do tend to get easier, with time.

D F

2y↑2

Some of the best content on the internet. Thanks to you and your team Marcus.

Pyro Phil

Excellent episode, it is very easy to overlook all the challenges humanity faces while trying to get out into the universe.

Todd Stewart

2y↑1

Very informative. Well done!

Hyperion

2y↑162

“Being socially isolated for months or years” introverts, “I’ve been training my whole little for this!”

Obsidian762

2y↑22

Introverts unite! .. Or we can just stay home.

bbird a12

2y↑10

The problem with introverts is they still have to interact with the crew in close quarters as a team with little personal space. Starship is big so working in the hydroponic gardens can be a break. Angry Astronaut has a good video about Starship Mars configurations.

Texan-American

2y↑13

@Obsidian762
Introverts UNITE!!?? 😳🤯😱
Are you crazy?? 😵😑

221 b

2y↑2

Yeah whenever I hear that I think that sounds great. I'll take an empty Starship lol. I can water the plants and look after the cattle in one of the cargo ships. I like building wooden model ships, so I'd do that to pass time.

RADROOK

The Russians trained a bunch of male astronauts and one female for isolation tolerance purposes by isolating them all in a chamber. They had to remove the female astronaut trainee because she started complaining about the male astronauts constantly ogling her and some making snatching motions with their hands in her direction.

11 More Replies...

Jim Cabezola

What a comprehensive assessment of the challenges of human travel to Mars! Excellent work! Mahalo from your friends in Hawai’i!

Mars Matters

Great video Marcus!

I was just doing research on this topic for my next video so this helps me out a lot :)

Is there a reason you don't use video chapters? I've read that chapters can help with the algorithm and retention rate.

mjwinal

2y↑1

Marcus, this video, like all of your videos, is absolutely awesome. Thank you!

Richard Rigling

Very good video Marcus. I keep returning to the thought that an interplanetary spin gravity ship addresses one of the issues. There is nothing fundamentally driving the need to live in a Starship for 6 month in transit each way. Think of the trip to-from Mars as more of a wagon train in the 1880's leaving St. Louis, bound for Oregon. The train includes Starships to reach the surface, and the Spin Habitat parks in Mars orbit. This requires a LOT more rocket reaction mass for the habitat (nuclear engine with higher specific impulse?), but it offers 1/3 g outbound and gradual return to 1 g on return. It also offers larger living space with associated psychological benefit. Once regular travel is established, the spin habitat could do a fly by, exchanging crew and cargo at each end of the trip. That was Buzz Aldrin's proposal 40 years ago.
Just my thoughts

Charlie Odom

2y↑10

I still maintain the belief that any long term journey in space will require some type of gravity along the way. Without it, I don't see us becoming interplanetary.

Rad School Review

2y↑1

My husband and I watch you every Saturday and are thrilled that you are adding content. Wonderful review. From a particulate radiation standpoint, I wanted to add a comment. We , as humans, are really good at recovering from radiation exposure. For instance, the NCRP reports an average of 6mSv annually for people in the US; however, if you were to receive a cardiac catheterization you would receive about 1 Seivert over ten minutes. Procedures involving interventional radiology can last up to 30 minutes or more. The ICRP recommends that studies far exceeding 3 Seiverts (30 minutes) are terminated, allowing the individual 24 hours to repair before restarting the exam. Basically, we fraction out the amount and it is x-ray, not particulate. We can handle radiation well and repair quickly. On the other hand particulate, especially cosmic, is very interesting. Alpha is stopped by a sheet of paper, Beta needs an inch of wood, but the water bags are for neutrons (fast) . Those neutrons could be a problem but if water barriers were utilized, the body could be spared. In Nuclear Medicine, they don't wear lead aprons, like the X-ray techs, because they are dealing with gamma, higher energy and don't want to stop it. Just let it pass on through. We love all your stuff. Thank you for everything that you do and the team too.❤

Mr Chuckles

Just terrific explanation of the challenges of long term space flight. It makes me appreciate the work done over the past decades on the ISS and the different space agencies. I am looking forward to the clever solutions that folks come up with to tackle them and I can’t wait to see Starship sending people beyond high earth orbit.

Oliver Grumitt

Starship will never send people beyond the Moon and maybe not even that.

James sr79

2y↑1

Another great video, very informative. 👍👍

ChristophersMum

Thank you Markus...one aspect of your programme...the microbial aspect of living within an enclosed environment is an interesting topic...I must admit to not giving it much attention that it so clearly does.😁👩‍🚀👨‍🚀🖖✨

Matt C.

Thank you Marcus and team for another thought provoking and interesting video. These issues are going to take some time to solve and thinking can not be married to Starship to come up with solutions and plan successful missions. In the coming decades there will be different and more robust vehicles that will have the technologies to survive long duration missions. The people and companies that will come up with these new advances may not even exist yet. Space exploration past our moon is a long game many decades in the making. It's difficult to answer the when question Marcus asked with so many issues needing real solutions, but 2025/30 is definitely a non starter.

Mark Pierro

2y↑10

I’d pictured SpaceX’s first mission to Mars as more an invasion than a singular rocket. He himself said there’d be 100 ships at a time. I’d imagine some of them would be just cargo while others would be crewed. And there you’ve tackled two problems of isolation and Health issues; loads of people mean a community and with tons and tons of equipment means there’d be loads of buildings and places to go to visit your mates. Plus a lot of medical facilities too. This is pretty simplified and anyone can pick holes in any discussion about space travel, but the overall point is the more stuff SpaceX can send to the moon and Mars the better for anyone going there. Great midweek show!

AmigaClone

I can see the first couple of launch windows having 2-5 uncrewed Starships. The next couple of opportunities would see many more uncrewed Starships, as well as a few crewed versions. I suspect the first 100+ Starships during a launch window will start no earlier than about 10 years after the first landings.

jay clark

Great work always on all your videos. I'm curious all this talk about radiation shielding. How do the people on the space station survive then and all those that went to the moon and space before?

Manu Wilson

You and Scott Manly are the best. No one else comes close in proper presentation, and decent coverage. 👌

Greg Sulman

That was very informative Marcus. You raised a number of issues I had no idea were issues. Thank you for another great post.

Alfy R. E. Meyer aka A.R.E.M.

My personal belief is that two or three Starships voyage to Mars together like some of the early colonization fleets crossing the Atlantic to the new world. They all travel within sight of each other, astronauts of diverse backgrounds, ethnicity and culture. If there arises conflict between some crew, they could exchange ships for a period. It would mitigate the sense of lonliness considerably as well.

Elliott Marchand

2y↑7

Just had a thought. If several of these crewed starships would be making the trip to Mars simultaneously, why not attach long cables to the lifting points to join each pair of them together, and then set them spinning around one another to make artificial gravity?

Madazican

2y↑2

That was actually talked about in another video i watched on artificial gravity on Joe Scott's YT channel (really good channel on all sorts of science/history stuff) they showed 3 ships, 1 in the middle of the other 2 joined by 2 cables, but there are a lot of issues in the artificial gravity idea which is covered in the vid i mentioned.

Keyboard runner

Because then you couldn't point the solar panels towards the sun AND the antennas towards Mars/Earth.
Also the ships would heavily tend to start rotating/twisting along their longitudinal axis because of cargo movement (humans), requiring constant active attitude controll.

All in all some internal short arm centrifuges to complement daily workouts are much easier to implement and don't require flipping ships.
ESA has done some very promising experiments with short arm centrifuges.

Madazican

@Keyboard runner altitude control I think you mean

Keyboard runner

@Madazican
No. Certainly not.
Every space craft needs some form of attitude control to stay in its required orientation.

Elliott Marchand

@Keyboard runner Would these rotating/twisting issues be any worse than what's experienced on the ISS? These are managed by reaction wheels + periodic unloading. Pointing solar panels: set axis of rotation to be perpendicular to direction of flight and put the solar panels on the "sunny side". Antennas: doesn't seem like too difficult a problem.

4 More Replies...

flamey_end

2y↑1

Great video Marcus. You always have top content.

Will Cooper

Great video, Marcus. NASA has not undertaken a study of artificial gravity, probably because the need for it for LEO missions is not critical. That equation changes for deep space missions. Many of the health issues revolving (or orbiting) around micro-G or low-G could be addressed by devising a system of artificial gravity for the transits. I have read about one proposal that involves attaching two starships together with either cables or a metal truss and spinning them up to simulate one G. On closer approach to Mars the rotational rate could be decreased to accustom astronauts to 1/3 G. On Mars itself, I have thought about devising a centrifuge-like machine that the crew could use for regular treatments to subject their bodies to higher G forces. Obviously, we need to find out how long-term exposure to Mars's 1/3 G would affect the human body. I think the radiation issue can be well handled. A robotic workforce using Optimus would of course be quite handy. A lot of the surface grunt work could be done by them while exploration would be handled by the crew.

Ulrik Hansen

Thanks for the update and great content. The 24 hr and 37 min day, would not be a problem. Just make a "mars-watch" that runs 1.5 min/hr slow, voila a "24hr day". IF Elon, without issues, gets off the pad this summer, an optimistic guess would, for the first cargo mission in late 2024. A crewed mission maybe in late 2026. First Mars settlement in the summer of 2027.... If we get past that, I'll buy you, Marcus, a case of Danish beer.

Spring

I saw this come in today and I thought “is this new?” At first I thought it was the same as last weekend update , then I opened it and realized it was a new story on future space flight , very nice update and view of new ideas and comments on future space travel.

Nine Hundred Dollar Luxury Yacht

I am most interested in the plants they grow in space.
How many plants would you have to grow to support each human?
How much pressurised volume would this need?
What would it take to make closed-loop life support?

Stuart Reed

2y↑6

My guess is humans on Mars around 2040. I think we have many steps left to practice and master, like landing large crewed vehicles on Mars, and I think we'll have serious budget issues due to the failing US government, economic collapse and climate crisis. Would love to be wrong!

Visitor

2y↑1

Well we had flying cars 5 years before predicted ...... lol

Oliver Grumitt

2y↑2

If all the problems you mention are as serious as you say, and I neither agree or disagree with you, then tackling those should be a priority before sending humans to Mars. After all, these problems may mean there is no money left for crewed Mars exploration and it may therefore never take place anyway.

CalgarGTX

2y↑1

Using starship as opposed to porkbarrel boeing rockets solves a lot of the budget issues tho. Both in the price of the vehicle itself but also its size/payload capacity that for which currently a lot of effort and engineering goes into, that could be avoided altogether if you just have more space and weight available in the mission parameters to begin with.

Shawn Cleland

Thank you Marcus House and team. You made me think of lot more. If SpaceX is let to start the next test at the end of next week. That will help us to go to Mars 2026