HMV Magazine ranked him as #46 on a list of the 100 most influential musicians of the 20th century.
The musical style performed by Fela Kuti is called Afrobeat, which is essentially a fusion of jazz, funk, highlife, and traditional Yoruban chants and rhythms. It is characterized by having African-style percussion, vocals, and musical structure, along with jazzy, funky horn sections. The endless groove is also used, in which a base rhythm of drums, shekere, muted guitar, and bass guitar are repeated throughout the song. His band was notable for featuring two baritone saxophones, whereas most groups using this instrument only use one. This is a common technique in African and African-influenced musical styles, and can be seen in funk and hip-hop. Some elements often present in Fela's music are the call-and-response within the chorus and figurative but simple lyrics. Fela's songs were almost always over 10 minutes in length, some reaching the 20- or even 30-minute marks, while some unreleased tracks would last up to 45 minutes when performed live. This was one of many reasons that his music never reached a substantial degree of popularity outside of Africa. His songs were mostly sung in Nigerian pidgin, although he also performed a few songs in the Yoruba language. Fela's main instruments were the saxophone and the keyboards, but he also played the trumpet, guitar, and took the occasional drum solo. Fela refused to perform songs again after he had already recorded them, which also hindered his popularity outside Africa. Fela was known for his showmanship, and his concerts were often quite outlandish and wild. He referred to his stage act as the Underground Spiritual Game.
Fela was born Olufela Olusegun Oludotun Ransome-Kuti in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria, to a middle-class family. His mother, Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, was a feminist activist in the anti-colonial movement and his father, Reverend Israel Oludotun Ransome-Kuti, a Protestant minister and school Principal, was the first president of the Nigerian Union of Teachers. His brothers, Dr. Beko Ransome-Kuti and Professor Olikoye Ransome-Kuti,both medical doctors, are both well known in Nigeria.
Fela was sent to London in 1958 to study medicine but decided to study music instead at the Trinity College of Music. While there, he formed the band Koola Lobitos, playing a style of music that he would later call Afrobeat. The style was a fusion of American Jazz, psychedelic rock, and Funk with West African Highlife. In 1961, Fela married his first wife, Remilekun (Remi) Taylor, with whom he would have three children (Femi, Yeni, and Sola). In 1963, Fela moved back to Nigeria, re-formed Koola Lobitos and trained as a radio producer for the Nigerian Broadcasting Corporation. In 1969, Fela took the band to the United States. While there, Fela discovered the Black power movement through Sandra Smith (now Isidore)—a partisan of the Black Panther Party—which would heavily influence his music and political views and renamed the band Nigeria ’70. Soon, the Immigration and Naturalization Service was tipped off by a promoter that Fela and his band were in the US without work permits. The band then performed a quick recording session in Los Angeles that would later be released as The '69 Los Angeles Sessions.
Fela and his band, renamed Africa '70, returned to Nigeria. He then formed the Kalakuta Republic, a commune, a recording studio, and a home for many connected to the band that he later declared independent from the Nigerian state. Fela set up a nightclub in the Empire Hotel, named the Afro-Spot and then the Afrika Shrine, where he performed regularly. Fela also changed his middle name to Anikulapo (meaning "he who carries death in his pouch"), stating that his original middle name of Ransome was a slave name. The recordings continued, and the music became more politically motivated. Fela's music became very popular among the Nigerian public and Africans in general. In fact, he made the decision to sing in Pidgin English so that his music could be enjoyed by individuals all over Africa, where the local languages spoken are very diverse and numerous. As popular as Fela's music had become in Nigeria and elsewhere, it was also very unpopular with the ruling government, and raids on the Kalakuta Republic were frequent. In 1974 the police arrived with a search warrant and a cannabis joint, which they had intended to plant on Fela. He became wise to this and swallowed the joint. In response, the police took him into custody and waited to examine his feces. Fela enlisted the help of his prison mates and gave the police someone else's feces, and Fela was freed. He then recounted this tale in his release Expensive Shit (now released together with "He Miss Road" as Expensive Shit/He Miss Road).
In 1977 Fela and the Afrika ’70 released the hit album Zombie, a scathing attack on Nigerian soldiers using the zombie metaphor to describe the methods of the Nigerian military. The album was a smash hit with the people and infuriated the government, setting off a vicious attack against the Kalakuta Republic, during which one thousand soldiers attacked the commune. Fela was severely beaten, and his elderly mother was thrown from a window, causing fatal injuries. The Kalakuta Republic was burned, and Fela's studio, instruments, and master tapes were destroyed. Fela claimed that he would have been killed if it were not for the intervention of a commanding officer as he was being beaten. Fela's response to the attack was to deliver his mother's coffin to the main army barrack in Lagos and write two songs, "Coffin for Head of State" and "Unknown Soldier," referencing the official inquiry that claimed the commune had been destroyed by an unknown soldier.
Fela and his band then took residence in Crossroads Hotel as the Shrine had been destroyed along with his commune. In 1978 Fela married 27 women, many of whom were his dancers, composers, and singers to mark the anniversary of the attack on the Kalakuta Republic. Later, he was to adopt a rotation system of keeping only twelve simultaneous wives. The year was also marked by two notorious concerts, the first in Accra in which riots broke out during the song "Zombie," which led to Fela being banned from entering Ghana. The second was at the Berlin Jazz Festival after which most of Fela's musicians deserted him, due to rumors that Fela was planning to use the entirety of the proceeds to fund his presidential campaign.
Despite the massive setbacks, Fela was determined to come back. He formed his own political party, which he called 'Movement of the People'. In 1979 he put himself forward for President in Nigeria's first elections for more than a decade but his candidature was refused. At this time, Fela created a new band called Egypt 80 and continued to record albums and tour the country. He further infuriated the political establishment by dropping the names of ITT vice-president Moshood Abiola and then General Olusegun Obasanjo at the end of a hot-selling 25-minute political screed titled "I. T. T. (International Thief Thief)."
In 1984, he was again attacked by the Military government, who jailed him on a dubious charge of currency smuggling. His case was taken up by several human-rights groups, and after 20 months, he was released from prison by General Ibrahim Babangida. On his release he divorced his 12 remaining wives, saying that "marriage brings jealousy and selfishness." Once again, Fela continued to release albums with Egypt 80, made a number of successful tours of the United States and Europe and also continued to be politically active. In 1986, Fela performed in Giants Stadium in New Jersey as part of the Amnesty International Conspiracy of Hope concert, sharing the bill with Bono, Carlos Santana, and the Neville Brothers. In 1989, Fela & Egypt 80 released the anti-apartheid "Beasts of No Nation" album that depicts on its cover U.S. President Ronald Reagan, UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and South African Prime Minister P.W. Botha with fangs dripping blood.
His album output slowed in the 1990s, and eventually he stopped releasing albums altogether. The battle against military corruption in Nigeria was taking its toll, especially during the rise of dictator Sani Abacha. Rumors were also spreading that he was suffering from an illness for which he was refusing treatment. On 3 August 1997, Olikoye Ransome-Kuti, already a prominent AIDS activist and former Minister of Health, stunned the nation by announcing his younger brother's death a day earlier from Kaposi's sarcoma brought on by AIDS. (Their younger brother Beko was in jail at this time at the hand of Abacha for political activity). More than a million people attended Fela's funeral at the site of the old Shrine compound. A new Africa Shrine has opened since Fela's death in a different section of Lagos under the supervision of his son Femi Kuti.
Gbagada Gbagada Gbogodo Gbogodo
Fela Kuti Lyrics
Jump to: Overall Meaning ↴ Line by Line Meaning ↴
BI EBA NGBO GBAGADA GBAGADA
Bi eba ngbo gbagada gbagada
BI EBA NGBO GBOGODO GBOGODO
Ema ya si otun ema ya si osi
EMA YA SI OTUN EMA YA SI OSI
Ema ya si otun ema ya si osi
EMA YA SI OTUN EMA YA SI OSI
Ile olowo lo oro ngba lo
ILE OLOW LO ORO NGBA LO
Ogun adubi se oju re ja
OGUN ADUBI SE OJU RE JA O
Iwo ni kan lo da pa soja mefa o
IWO NIKAN LO DA PA SOJA MEFA O
Oro o wo mo o pada seyin o
ORO O WO MO O PADA SEYIN O
Opada si eyin owa fi ewe bo ara
OPADA SI EYIN OWA FI EWE BO ARA
Iya re n ke lo bi ewure
IYA RE N KE LO BI EWURE
Baba re n ke lo bi akparo
BABA RE N KE LO BI AKPARO
Iwo na n be lo bi igala
IWO NA N BE LO BI IGALA
Ogun adubi le lopolopo
OGUN ADUBI LE LOPOLOPO O
Ogun adubi le lopolopo
OGUN ADUBI LE LOPOLOPO O
Oya oo eni omo wu oya ká lọ o
OYA OO ENI OMO WU OYA KA LO O
Oya oo eni omo wu oya ká lọ eh
OYA OO ENI OMO WU OYA KA LO O.
The lyrics of Fela Kuti's song "Gbagada Gbagada Gbogodo Gbogodo" are a fusion of Yoruba and Pidgin English. The song's instrumentation is a blend of African and Western instruments, with Fela's saxophone leading the melody. The song's lyrics speak about the power struggles and corruption in Nigeria and call for people to unite against oppression. The first two lines - "Bi eba ngbo gbagada gbagada BI EBA NGBO GBAGADA GBAGADA" - mean "if you hear the sound of drums in Gbagada, Gbagada" - this refers to how people gather in Nigeria to dance and celebrate. The repetition of the phrase emphasizes the importance of music in Nigerian culture.
The next line - "Bi eba ngbo gbagada gbagada BI EBA NGBO GBOGODO GBOGODO" - means "if you hear the sound of drums in Gbagada, Gbagada, then you hear the sound of bomb in Gbagada, Gbagada". This line draws a stark contrast between the joyous sound of drums and the destructive sound of bombs. The following lines - "Ema ya si otun ema ya si osi EMA YA SI OTUN EMA YA SI OSI Ema ya si otun ema ya si osi EMA YA SI OTUN EMA YA SI OSI" - mean "turn to the right and turn to the left, turn to the right and turn to the left". This line can be interpreted as a call to action, urging people to act against oppression.
Finally, the lyrics speak of a corrupt political system in which the rich get richer and the poor get poorer - "Ile olowo lo oro ngba lo ILE OLOW LO ORO NGBA LO Ogun adubi se oju re ja OGUN ADUBI SE OJU RE JA O Iwo ni kan lo da pa soja mefa o IWO NIKAN LO DA PA SOJA MEFA O Oro o wo mo o pada seyin o ORO O WO MO O PADA SEYIN O Opada si eyin owa fi ewe bo ara OPADA SI EYIN OWA FI EWE BO ARA". The song calls for people to wake up and take action against oppression.
Line by Line Meaning
Bi eba ngbo gbagada gbagada
If you hear the sound of the drums beating gbagada gbagada
Bi eba ngbo gbagada gbagada
If you hear the sound of the drums beating gbagada gbagada
Ema ya si otun ema ya si osi
Turn to the right, turn to the left
Ema ya si otun ema ya si osi
Turn to the right, turn to the left
Ile olowo lo oro ngba lo
The house of the rich is where to find something to borrow
Ogun adubi se oju re ja
The hunter's bowstring snaps its target down
Iwo ni kan lo da pa soja mefa o
You are the one who can defeat six soldiers
Oro o wo mo o pada seyin o
The words are like a sword, they can be pulled out and used again
Opada si eyin owa fi ewe bo ara
The hoe digs ground and plants seeds
Iya re n ke lo bi ewure
Your mother will advise you like a goat
Baba re n ke lo bi akparo
Your father will advise you like a fowl
Iwo na n be lo bi igala
You are the one who can walk like a warrior
Ogun adubi le lopolopo
The hunter's bowstring snaps many targets down
Ogun adubi le lopolopo
The hunter's bowstring snaps many targets down
Oya oo eni omo wu oya ká lọ o
Hurry up and let's go, my child
Oya oo eni omo wu oya ká lọ eh
Hurry up and let's go, my child
Writer(s): Fela Anikulapo Kuti
Contributed by Riley M. Suggest a correction in the comments below.