John Barleycorn
Martin Carthy Lyrics


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Oh there were three men came out of the west
Their fortunes for to try,
And these three men made a solemn vow:
John Barleycorn should die.
They ploughed, they sowed, they harrowed him in,
Throwed clods upon his head.
Then these three men made a solemn vow:
John Barleycorn was dead.

They let him lie for a very long time
Till the rain from heaven did fall.
Then little Sir John he raised up his head
And he soon amazed them all.
They let him lie till the long midsummer
Till he looked both pale and wan.
Then little Sir John growed a long, long beard
And so became a man.

They hired men with the scythes so sharp
To cut him off down by the knee.
They rolled him and tied him around by the waist,
Served him most barbarously.
They hired men with the sharp pitchforks
Who pierced him to the heart.
But the loader, he served him far worse than that
For he bound him to the cart.

They rode him around and around the field
Till they came into a barn,
And there they made a solemn mow
Of poor John Barleycorn.
They hired men with the crab-tree sticks
Who cut him skin from bone
But the miller, he served him far worse than that
For he ground him between two stones.

Here's little Sir John in the nut-brown bowl
And brandy in a glass.
And little Sir John in the nut-brown bowl
Proved the stronger man at last.
For the hunter, he can't hunt the fox
Nor so loudly blow his horn,




And the tinker, he can't mend his kettles or his pots
Without a little bit of John Barleycorn.

Overall Meaning

The song "John Barleycorn" is a traditional English folk song that tells the story of the life and death of a barleycorn, which symbolizes both the crop and the alcoholic drink that it produces, namely beer and whiskey. The song describes the cycle of agricultural growth and harvest, as well as the process of turning the barley into alcohol. It also portrays John Barleycorn as a person, who is born from the earth and dies through the hands of men.


The three men who come out of the west represent the elements of nature – earth, wind, and fire – as well as the farmers who work the land. They plough, sow, and harrow John Barleycorn, which represents the process of planting and growing the barley crop. When John Barleycorn is ready to be harvested, the men cut him down and brutally torture and kill him, symbolizing the process of malting, mashing, and fermenting the barley into alcohol. However, the last verse of the song celebrates John Barleycorn's triumph over his fate, as he outsmarts the hunter and the tinker, who need his drink to hunt and work.


The song has many interpretations, including religious, mythological, and allegorical ones. Some see it as a celebration of the Pagan god of grain, while others view it as a Christian allegory of Jesus Christ's death and resurrection. The song has been recorded by many famous musicians, including Traffic, Jethro Tull, and The Grateful Dead, and has become a staple of British folk music.


Line by Line Meaning

Oh there were three men came out of the west
Three men arrived from the west


Their fortunes for to try,
They were determined to test their luck


And these three men made a solemn vow:
The men made a serious pledge


John Barleycorn should die.
They decided to kill John Barleycorn


They ploughed, they sowed, they harrowed him in,
They cultivated and buried John Barleycorn


Throwed clods upon his head.
They covered his body with dirt


Then these three men made a solemn vow:
They reiterated their serious pledge


John Barleycorn was dead.
John Barleycorn had been killed


They let him lie for a very long time
They left his body untouched for an extended period


Till the rain from heaven did fall.
Until the sky opened up with rain


Then little Sir John he raised up his head
John Barleycorn began to sprout again


And he soon amazed them all.
His sudden regeneration was surprising


They let him lie till the long midsummer
They left him alone until midsummer


Till he looked both pale and wan.
He became pale and weak


Then little Sir John growed a long, long beard
John Barleycorn's growth accelerated, even growing a long beard


And so became a man.
He grew to maturity


They hired men with the scythes so sharp
They employed skilled workers with sharp tools


To cut him off down by the knee.
They cut him down to the knee with their tools


They rolled him and tied him around by the waist,
They bound him by his waist after rolling him


Served him most barbarously.
They treated him in a cruel and inhumane way


They hired men with the sharp pitchforks
They recruited workers with sharp forks


Who pierced him to the heart.
The workers impaled him in the heart


But the loader, he served him far worse than that
The transport worker treated him even more brutally


For he bound him to the cart.
He tied him to the cart


They rode him around and around the field
They whipped him, forcing him to circle the field


Till they came into a barn,
They eventually arrived at a barn


And there they made a solemn mow
At the barn, they created another serious vow


Of poor John Barleycorn.
The vow was regarding John Barleycorn's fate


They hired men with the crab-tree sticks
They enlisted workers with sharp sticks


Who cut him skin from bone
These workers flayed him alive


But the miller, he served him far worse than that
The mill worker subjected him to even graver treatment


For he ground him between two stones.
The mill worker crushed him between two stones


Here's little Sir John in the nut-brown bowl
John Barleycorn is now in a nut-brown container


And brandy in a glass.
He is now accompanied by brandy in a glass


And little Sir John in the nut-brown bowl
John Barleycorn is still in that container


Proved the stronger man at last.
Ultimately, John Barleycorn emerged victorious


For the hunter, he can't hunt the fox
Even hunters depend on John Barleycorn


Nor so loudly blow his horn,
Without John Barleycorn, even the horn of hunters will be silenced


And the tinker, he can't mend his kettles or his pots
Even tinkerers require John Barleycorn


Without a little bit of John Barleycorn.
The smallest amount of John Barleycorn is crucial




Contributed by Kaelyn M. Suggest a correction in the comments below.
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Comments from YouTube:

@barrycross2585

Folk music legend and icon, lucky enough to see him at the Goat pub folk club. In St.Albans in the 1970’s

@svenlittlecross

what a player, more i listen to him more im aware of it and he does it so effortlessly

@MLOI18775

Best version ever.

@sandramorey2529

His brother in law, Mike waterson ,performed this and it's on YouTube. I recommend it for Mike' singing style Give it a listen.

@Wotsitorlabart

​​@sandra morey
I struggle with MW's 'bleating' style of folk revival singing. Very much of its time.

@evansmith3589

Masterful!

@jakemetcalfe3091

Masterful.

@Connachtman1916

@maida1982a The man is a geinus - listen to that f**** amazing guitar, finger plucking or what...brilliant.

@TheBrunosaurus

very good Version!

@dickmiles6639

excellent

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