Richard Strauss (11th June 1864 – 8th September 1949) was a German composer… Read Full Bio ↴Richard Strauss (11th June 1864 – 8th September 1949) was a German composer of the late Romantic era and early modern eras, particularly noted for his tone poems and operas which include Der Rosenkavalier and Salome; his lieder, especially his Four Last Songs; and his tone poems Death and Transfiguration, Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks, Also sprach Zarathustra, An Alpine Symphony, and other orchestral works, such as Metamorphosen. Strauss was also a prominent conductor throughout Germany and Austria.

Strauss, along with Gustav Mahler, represents the late flowering of German Romanticism after Richard Wagner, in which pioneering subtleties of orchestration are combined with an advanced harmonic style.

Strauss was born on 11 June 1864 in Munich, the son of Franz Strauss, who was the principal horn player at the Court Opera in Munich. In his youth, he received a thorough musical education from his father. He wrote his first composition at the age of six, and continued to write music almost until his death.

During his boyhood Strauss attended orchestra rehearsals of the Munich Court Orchestra, and he also received private instruction in music theory and orchestration from an assistant conductor there. In 1872 he started receiving violin instruction at the Royal School of Music from Benno Walter, his father's cousin. In 1874 Strauss heard his first Wagner operas, Lohengrin and Tannhäuser. The influence of Wagner's music on Strauss's style was to be profound, but at first his musically conservative father forbade him to study it. Indeed, in the Strauss household, the music of Richard Wagner was viewed with deep suspicion, and it was not until the age of 16 that Strauss was able to obtain a score of Tristan und Isolde. In later life, Strauss said that he deeply regretted the conservative hostility to Wagner's progressive works. Nevertheless, Strauss's father undoubtedly had a crucial influence on his son's developing taste, not least in Strauss's abiding love for the horn.

In early 1882 in Vienna he gave the first performance of his Violin Concerto in D minor, playing a piano reduction of the orchestral part himself, with his teacher and "cousin" Benno Walter as soloist. The same year he entered Munich University, where he studied Philosophy and Art History, but not music. He left a year later to go to Berlin, where he studied briefly before securing a post as assistant conductor to Hans von Bülow, who had been enormously impressed by the young composer's Serenade for wind instruments, composed when he was only 16 years of age. Strauss learned the art of conducting by observing Bülow in rehearsal. Bülow was very fond of the young man and decided that Strauss should be his successor as conductor of the Meiningen orchestra when Bülow resigned in 1885. Strauss's compositions at this time were indebted to the style of Robert Schumann or Felix Mendelssohn, true to his father's teachings. His Horn Concerto No. 1, Op. 11, is representative of this period and is a staple of modern horn repertoire.

Strauss married soprano Pauline de Ahna on 10 September 1894. She was famous for being irascible, garrulous, eccentric and outspoken, but the marriage, to all appearances, was essentially happy and she was a great source of inspiration to him. Throughout his life, from his earliest songs to the final Four Last Songs of 1948, he preferred the soprano voice to all others, and all his operas contain important soprano roles.

The Strausses had one son, Franz, in 1897. Franz married Alice von Grab, a Jewish woman, in a Catholic ceremony (despite being an agnostic) in 1924. Franz and Alice had two sons, Richard and Christian.

Before and during the 1939-45 War, he was criticised as a Nazi sympathiser, and held an official (musical) post. This claim is not entirely accurate. He lost the job when he refused to remove the name of a Jewish librettist from a programme. He was also condemned for criticisms of the Nazi party. He was thereafter denounced by the Nazi party, and he was forced to make concessions and submit to their will in order to save his family.

Vier letzte Lieder TrV 296: 1. Frühling
Richard Strauss Lyrics

Jump to: Overall Meaning ↴ Line by Line Meaning ↴

Wir sind durch Not und Freude
Gegangen Hand in Hand
Vom Wandern ruhen wir beide
Nun überm stillen Land

Rings sich die Täler neigen
Es dunkelt schon die Luft
Zwei Lerchen nur noch steigen

Nachträumend in den Duft

Tritt her, und lass sie schwirren
Bald ist es Schlafenszeit
Dass wir uns nicht verirren
In dieser Einsamkeit

O weiter, stiller Friede

So tief im Abendrot
Wie sind wir wandermüde
Ist dies

Etwa
Der Tod?

Overall Meaning

The second stanza of Richard Strauss's song Vier letzte Lieder TrV 296, "2. September," is a reflection on life and death as the singer and their companion come to rest after a long journey. The singer recalls the moments they have spent together in both times of difficulty and joy, as they have traveled through life hand in hand. Now they rest above the quiet and still land, surrounded by the gentle slope of valleys and darkening air. Two larks are the only signs of life, ascending into the sweet aroma that fills the air.

The singer turns to their companion, urging them to join in the appreciation of the beauty around them. The larks will soon be gone as it is nearing time for sleep, they should not get lost in the solitude that surrounds them. The peace felt in the evening sun is profound, and the singer's fatigue from their journey leaves them questioning if this sunset-filled moment is, in fact, the harbinger of death. The lyrics capture the mixed feelings of hope and uncertainty that come with the end of life.

Line by Line Meaning

Wir sind durch Not und Freude
We have experienced both hardship and joy together

Gegangen Hand in Hand
We have gone hand in hand

Vom Wandern ruhen wir beide
Now we both rest from our wanderings

Nun überm stillen Land
Now above the quiet land

Rings sich die Täler neigen
The valleys around us slope down

Es dunkelt schon die Luft
The air is already growing dark

Zwei Lerchen nur noch steigen
Only two larks continue to rise

Nachträumend in den Duft
Dreamily into the scent

Tritt her, und lass sie schwirren
Come here and let them flutter

Bald ist es Schlafenszeit
Soon it will be time to sleep

Dass wir uns nicht verirren
So that we do not lose our way