As a rock and roll, rhythm & blues, soul, blues, jazz, country and pop musician he helped to shape the sound of rhythm & blues.
He brought a soulful sound to everything from country music ("I Can't Stop Loving You") to rock and roll ("Mess Around"), to pop standards to a now-iconic rendition of "America the Beautiful." Frank Sinatra called him "the only genius in the business."
Ray Charles was born in Albany, Georgia on September 23, 1930. He was the son of Aretha Williams, a share cropper, and Bailey Robinson, a railroad repair man, mechanic and handyman. The two were never married. The family moved to Greenville, Florida, when Ray was an infant. Bailey had three more families, leaving Aretha to raise the family on her own.
Ray Charles was not born blind. He started to lose his sight somewhere at the age of five. He was rendered totally blind by the age of seven. Charles never knew exactly why he lost his sight, though there are sources that suggest his blindness was due to glaucoma, and some other sources suggest that Ray began to lose his sight from an infection caused by soapy water to his eyes which was left untreated. He attended school at the Florida School for the Deaf and the Blind in St. Augustine, Florida from 1937-1945 where he developed his musical gift that he is known and remembered for today. His father died when he was ten, followed by his mother five years later.
In school, he was taught only classical music, but he wanted to play what he heard on the radio, jazz and blues. After his mother died, Charles did not return to school. He lived in Jacksonville with a couple who were friends of his mother. For over a year, he played the piano for bands at the Ritz Theatre in LaVilla, earning $4 a night. Charles moved to Orlando, then Tampa, where he played "with a hillbilly band called The Florida Playboys." This is where Charles began his reputation of always wearing sunglasses that were made by designer Billy Stickles.
Charles had always played for other people, but he wanted a band that was his own. He decided to leave Florida for a large city, but Chicago and New York City were too big. He moved to Seattle in 1947 and soon started recording, first for the label Swing Time Records, achieving his first hit with the 1949 "Confession Blues". The song soared to #2 on the R&B charts. He followed his first recording with his only other hit with Swingtime, "Baby, Let Me Hold Your Hand" in 1951. It hit #5 on the R&B charts. He then signed with Ahmet Ertegün at Atlantic Records a year later. When he entered show business, his name was shortened to Ray Charles to avoid confusion with boxer Sugar Ray Robinson.
Breakthrough period with Atlantic Records
Almost immediately after signing with Atlantic, Charles scored his first hit singles with the label with "It Should Have Been Me" and the Ertegün-composed "Mess Around", both making the charts in 1953. But it was Charles' "I Got A Woman" (composed with band mate Renald Richard) that brought the musician to national prominence.
The song reached the top of Billboard's R&B singles chart in 1955 and from there until 1959, Charles would have a series of R&B chart-toppers including "This Little Girl of Mine", "Lonely Avenue", "Mary Ann", "Drown in My Own Tears" and "The Night Time (Is the Right Time)", which were compiled on his Atlantic releases Hallelujah, I Love Her So, Yes Indeed!, and The Genius Sings the Blues. Charles was often cited for using his voice like a saxophone, most notably by the prominent critic Victor Bollo. During this time of transition, he recruited a young girl group from Philadelphia named The Cookies as his background singing group, recording with them in New York and changing their name to the Raelettes in the process.
Crossover success
In 1959, Charles crossed over to top 40 radio with the release of his impromptu blues number, "What'd I Say", which was initially conceived while Charles was in concert. The song would reach number 1 on the R&B list and would become Charles' first top ten single on the pop charts, peaking at number 6. Charles would also record The Genius of Ray Charles, before leaving Atlantic for a more lucrative deal with ABC Records in 1959.
Hit songs such as "Georgia On My Mind" (US #1), "Hit the Road Jack" (US #1) and "Unchain My Heart" (US #9) helped him transition to pop success and his landmark 1962 album, Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music and its sequel Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music, Vol. 2, helped to bring country into the mainstream of music. He also had major pop hits in 1963 with "Busted" (US #4) and "Take These Chains From My Heart" (US #8), and also scoring a Top 20 hit four years later, in 1967, with "Here We Go Again" (US #15) (which would later be duetted with Norah Jones in 2004).
Later years
In 1965, Charles was arrested for possession of heroin, a drug to which he had been addicted for nearly 20 years. It was his third arrest for the offence, but he avoided jail time after kicking the habit in a clinic in Los Angeles. He spent a year on parole in 1966, when his single "Crying Time" reached #6 on the charts.
During the late 1960s and into the 1970s, Charles' releases were hit-or-miss, with some big hits and critically acclaimed work. His version of "Georgia On My Mind" was proclaimed the state song of Georgia on April 24, 1979, with Charles performing it on the floor of the state legislature. He also had success with his unique version of "America the Beautiful."
In November 1977 Charles appeared as the host of NBC's Saturday Night Live. In the 1980s a number of other events increased Charles' recognition among young audiences. He made a cameo appearance in the popular 1980 film The Blues Brothers. In 1985, "The Right Time" was featured in the episode "Happy Anniversary" of The Cosby Show on NBC. The next year in 1986, he sang America The Beautiful at Wrestlemania 2. In a Pepsi Cola commercial of the early 1990s, Charles popularized the catchphrase "You Got the Right One, Baby!" plus he helped in the song "We Are the World" a touching song for USA for Africa.
Despite his support of Martin Luther King, Jr. in the 1960s and his support for the American Civil Rights Movement, Charles courted controversy when he toured South Africa in 1981, during an international boycott of the country because of its apartheid policy.
Charles recorded a cover version of the Japanese band Southern All Stars' song "Itoshi no Ellie" as "Ellie My Love" for a Suntory TV advertisement, reaching #3 on Japan's Oricon chart. Eventually, it sold more than 400,000 copies, and became that year's best-selling single performed by a Western artist for the Japanese music market.
Besides winning 17 Grammy Awards in his career (include five posthumous ones), Charles was also honored in many other ways. In 1979, he was one of the first honorees of the Georgia State Music Hall of Fame being recognized for being a musician born in the state. Ray's version of "Georgia On My Mind" was made into the official state song for Georgia. In 1981, he was given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and was one of the first inductees to the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame at its inaugural ceremony in 1986. He received the Kennedy Center Honors in 1986. In 1987, he was awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. In 1991, he was inducted to the Rhythm & Blues Foundation. In 1998 he was awarded the Polar Music Prize together with Ravi Shankar in Stockholm, Sweden. In 2004 he was inducted to the Jazz Hall of Fame, and inducted to the National Black Sports & Entertainment Hall of Fame. Also in 2004, Rolling Stone Magazine ranked him #10 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.
The Grammy Awards of 2005 were dedicated to Charles.
On December 7, 2007, Ray Charles Plaza was opened in Albany, Georgia, with a revolving, lighted bronze sculpture of Charles seated at a piano.
On December 26, 2007, Ray Charles was inducted into the Hit Parade Hall of Fame.
Ray Charles Post Office Building
In 2005, the U.S. postal facility located at 4960 W. Washington Blvd., in Los Angeles, California, was designated the Ray Charles Post Office Building.
On August 24, 2005, the United States Congress honored Charles by dedicating and renaming the former West Adams Station post office in Los Angeles the "Ray Charles Station".
Charles has also appeared at two Presidential inaugurations in his lifetime. In 1985, he performed for Ronald Reagan's second inauguration, and in 1993 performed for Bill Clinton's first inauguration.
In the late '80s and early '90s, Charles made appearances on The Super Dave Osbourne Show, where he performed and appeared in a few vignettes where he was somehow driving a car, often as Super Dave's chauffeur. At the height of his newfound fame in the early nineties, Charles did guest vocals for quite a few projects. He also appeared (with Chaka Khan) on long time friend Quincy Jones' hit "I'll Be Good to You" in 1990, from Jones' album Back on the Block.
Following Jim Henson's death in 1990, Ray Charles appeared in the one-hour CBS tribute, The Muppets Celebrate Jim Henson. He gave a short speech about the deceased, stating that Henson "took a simple song and a piece of felt and turned it into a moment of great power". Charles was referring to the song "It's Not Easy Being Green", which Charles later performed with the rest of the Muppet cast in a tribute to Henson's legacy.
During the sixth season of Designing Women, Ray Charles vocally performed "Georgia On My Mind", rather than the song being rendered by other musicians without lyrics as in the previous five seasons
During his life he received eight honorary doctorates, the last from Dillard University in New Orleans in 2003. Later that same year, he performed his 10,000th career concert at the Greek Theater in Los Angeles.
Charles finalized "Genius Loves Company" a duets album in 2004, which posthumously became the best selling album of his career. Norah Jones, B.B. King, Willie Nelson, Michael McDonald, Bonnie Raitt, Gladys Knight, Johnny Mathis and James Taylor are just a few of the notable artists involved with the project.
Charles was awarded the prestigious "President's Merit Award" from the Grammy(r) organization and was named a City of Los Angeles "Cultural Treasure" by LA Mayor James Hahn during "African American Heritage Month" in a ceremony that he attended. He also received the NAACP Image Awards' "Hall of Fame Award."
Charles died in July 2004 in California. Three months later, his biopic "Ray" opened in theaters. The performance of Jamie Foxx as Ray gave him an Oscar for best lead performance in a feature film.
Recently, a series of slot machines were designed in Charles' name for the visually handicapped and the legendary performer was also named a "living legend" by the Library of Congress.
Charles once told an interviewer from USA Today, "Music to me is just like breathing. I have to have it. It's part of me."
Greenback
Ray Charles Lyrics
Jump to: Overall Meaning ↴ Line by Line Meaning ↴
A pretty little girl, came into sight
I bowed and smiled and asked her name
She said, "Hold it bud, I don't play that game"
I reached in my pocket and to her big surprise
There was Lincoln starin' her dead in the eyes
Just a little piece of paper, coated with chlorophyll
She looked at me with that familiar desire
Her eyes lit up like they were on fire
She said, "My name's Flo and you're on the right track"
"But look here, dad, I wear furs on my back
So if you wanna have fun in this mans land
Let Lincoln and Jackson start shakin' hands"
On a greenback, greenback dollar bill
Just a little piece of paper, coated with chlorophyll
I didn't know what I was gettin' into
But I popped Lincoln and Jackson too
I didn't mind seein' them fade out of sight
I just knew I'd have some fun last night
Whenever you're in town and lookin' for a thrill
If Lincoln can't get it, Jackson sure will
On a greenback, greenback dollar bill
Just a little piece of paper, coated with chlorophyll
We went to a nightspot where the lights were low
Dined and danced and I was ready to go
I got out of my seat and when Flo arose
She said, "Hold on daddy, while I powder my nose"
I sat back down with a smilin' face
While she went down to the powder place
With my greenback, greenback dollar bill
Just a little piece of paper, coated with chlorophyll
The music stopped and the lights came on
I looked around and saw I was all alone
I didn't know, how long Flo had been gone
But a nose powder sure didn't take that long
I left the place with tears in my eyes
As I waved Lincoln and Jackson, a last goodbye
On a greenback, greenback dollar bill
Just a little piece of paper, coated with chlorophyll
The lyrics of Ray Charles's song "Greenback" describe a man's encounter with a woman, named Flo, who initially rejects him but then becomes attracted to him when she sees the money he has to offer. The man pulls out a $5 bill with Abraham Lincoln's face on it, which seems to impress Flo. She tells him that if he wants to have fun with her, he'd better bring along more money, specifically bills with Andrew Jackson's face on them. The man eventually takes Flo out to dinner and dancing, but when Flo excuses herself to "powder her nose," the man is left alone with his greenback dollar bills, realizing that the woman only wanted him for his money.
The song's lyrics are a commentary on the lure of money and the unscrupulous behavior some people will engage in to acquire it. The singer is initially rebuffed by Flo, but after she sees that he has money, she changes her tune. The greenback dollar bills, which are "coated with chlorophyll," become a symbol of the power that money holds over people. This message is reinforced by the song's upbeat, danceable melody, which contrasts with the somewhat cynical mood of the lyrics.
Overall, "Greenback" is a cautionary tale about the perils of pursuing wealth at the expense of personal relationships. It suggests that those who seek love and companionship solely for the sake of money are bound to end up alone and unfulfilled.
Line by Line Meaning
As I was walkin' down the street last night
I was walking on the street last night.
A pretty little girl, came into sight
A good-looking lady appeared before me.
I bowed and smiled and asked her name
I greeted her with a bow and a smile and inquired her identity.
She said, "Hold it bud, I don't play that game"
She refused to answer and told me off.
I reached in my pocket and to her big surprise
To her amazement, I withdrew something from my pocket.
There was Lincoln starin' her dead in the eyes
I showed her a dollar bill with a portrait of Abraham Lincoln.
On a greenback, greenback dollar bill
The dollar bill with a green color scheme.
Just a little piece of paper, coated with chlorophyll
It's a small paper currency coated with green pigment called chlorophyll.
She looked at me with that familiar desire
She gazed at me, indicating a feeling of attraction.
Her eyes lit up like they were on fire
Her eyes sparkled with excitement.
She said, "My name's Flo and you're on the right track"
She introduced herself as Flo and insinuated that I was doing the right thing.
"But look here, dad, I wear furs on my back
She told me that she's used to wearing fur coats.
So if you wanna have fun in this mans land
If you want to enjoy yourself in the big city.
Let Lincoln and Jackson start shakin' hands"
You need to have more money.
I didn't know what I was gettin' into
I didn't realize what was going on.
But I popped Lincoln and Jackson too
I spent the two-dollar bills as well.
I didn't mind seein' them fade out of sight
I didn't feel any regret using the money.
I just knew I'd have some fun last night
I knew that I was going to have a good time.
Whenever you're in town and lookin' for a thrill
Next time you're in the city and want to have fun.
If Lincoln can't get it, Jackson sure will
If a one-dollar bill doesn't suffice, a two-dollar bill will.
We went to a nightspot where the lights were low
We went to a dimly lit establishment.
Dined and danced and I was ready to go
We ate, danced, and were about to leave.
I got out of my seat and when Flo arose
I stood up, and when Flo got up.
She said, "Hold on daddy, while I powder my nose"
She requested that I wait a while for her.
I sat back down with a smilin' face
I returned to my seat while smiling.
While she went down to the powder place
She went to the restroom.
The music stopped and the lights came on
The music ended, and the lights were turned on.
I looked around and saw I was all alone
I realized that Flo had left, and I was alone.
I didn't know, how long Flo had been gone
I had no idea how long she had been away.
But a nose powder sure didn't take that long
Taking time to powder her nose would not take that long.
I left the place with tears in my eyes
As I left, I was sad and had tears in my eyes.
As I waved Lincoln and Jackson, a last goodbye
As I say goodbye, I waved the dollar bills one last time.
Contributed by Blake N. Suggest a correction in the comments below.
@BarbaraMallory-up7ju
When I was a little kid I would get this album and played this song
@daysturn1971
This song is the ESSENCE of Ray Charles.
@melinda0274
i like Ray Charles's music
@jayf6806
Just heard this on satellite radio, blues station. Loved it. Thanks for this up load!
@davidbrian8049
i freaking love this song. his story telling is Awesome. he damn there just talking & telling his story with rhythm and "FEEL" #musicology
@asd36f
Cracking sax solo!
@customkey
Graham Clayton David Fathead Newman on the baritone saxophone.
@itzyoboimon4828
🔥
@taylorb9738
1:32 lose ur mind
@davidbrian8049
Mind - Lost