Thomas Wright Waller was the youngest of four children, born in New York to Adeline Locket Waller and Reverend Edward Martin Waller. He started playing the piano when he was six and graduated to the organ of his father's church four years later. At the age of fourteen he was playing the organ at Harlem's Lincoln Theater and within twelve months he had composed his first rag. Waller's first piano solos ("Muscle Shoals Blues" and "Birmingham Blues") were recorded in October 1922 when he was 18 years old.
He was the prize pupil, and later friend and colleague, of stride pianist James P. Johnson. Fats Waller was the son of a preacher and learned to play the organ in church with his mother. Overcoming opposition from his clergyman father, Waller became a professional pianist at 15, working in cabarets and theaters. In 1918 he won a talent contest playing Johnson's "Carolina Shout", a song he learned from watching a player piano play it.
Waller was one of the most popular performers of his era, finding critical and commercial success in his homeland and in Europe. He was also a prolific songwriter and many songs he wrote or co-wrote are still popular, such as "Honeysuckle Rose", "Ain't Misbehavin'" and "Squeeze Me". Fellow pianist and composer Oscar Levant dubbed Waller "the black Horowitz". Waller composed many novelty tunes in the 1920s and 1930s and sold them for relatively small sums. When the compositions became hits, other songwriters claimed them as their own. Many standards are alternatively and sometimes controversially attributed to Waller. Waller's son Maurice wrote in his 1977 biography of his father, that once he was playing "I Can't Give You Anything but Love, Baby" when he heard his father complaining from upstairs and came down and admonished him never to play that song in his hearing, saying that he had to sell that song when he needed some money. He even made a recording of it in 1938 with Adelaide Hall who, coincidentally, had introduced the song to the world (at Les Ambassadeurs Club in New York in 1928), in which he played the tune but made fun of the lyrics. Likewise, Maurice noted his father's objections whenever he heard "On the Sunny Side of the Street" played on the radio.
The anonymous sleeve notes on the 1960 RCA (UK) album Handful of Keys state that Waller copyrighted over 400 new songs, many of which co-written with his closest collaborator Andy Razaf. Razaf described his partner as "the soul of melody... a man who made the piano sing... both big in body and in mind... known for his generosity... a bubbling bundle of joy".[citation needed] Gene Sedric, a clarinetist who played with Waller on some of his 1930s recordings, is quoted in these same sleeve notes recalling Waller's recording technique with considerable admiration: "Fats was the most relaxed man I ever saw in a studio, and so he made everybody else relaxed. After a balance had been taken, we'd just need one take to make a side, unless it was a kind of difficult number."
Waller played with many performers, from Nat Shilkret (on Victor 21298-A) and Gene Austin to Erskine Tate to Adelaide Hall, but his greatest success came with his own five- or six-piece combo, "Fats Waller and his Rhythm".
His playing once put him at risk of injury. Waller was kidnapped in Chicago leaving a performance in 1926. Four men bundled him into a car and took him to the Hawthorne Inn, owned by Al Capone. Waller was ordered inside the building, and found a party in full swing. Gun to his back, he was pushed towards a piano, and told to play. A terrified Waller realized he was the "surprise guest" at Capone's birthday party, and took comfort that the gangsters did not intend to kill him. According to rumor, Waller played for three days. When he left the Hawthorne Inn, he was very drunk, extremely tired, and had earned thousands of dollars in cash from Capone and other party-goers as tips.
In 1926, Waller began his recording association with Victor Records, his principal record company for the rest of his life, with the organ solos "St. Louis Blues" and his own composition, "Lenox Avenue Blues". Although he recorded with various groups, including Morris's Hot Babes (1927), Fats Waller's Buddies (1929) (one of the earliest interracial groups to record), and McKinney's Cotton Pickers (1929), his most important contribution to the Harlem stride piano tradition was a series of solo recordings of his own compositions: "Handful of Keys", "Smashing Thirds", "Numb Fumblin'", and "Valentine Stomp" (1929). After sessions with Ted Lewis (1931), Jack Teagarden (1931), and Billy Banks's Rhythmakers (1932), he began in May 1934 the voluminous series of recordings with a small band known as Fats Waller and his Rhythm. This six-piece group usually included Herman Autrey (sometimes replaced by Bill Coleman or John "Bugs" Hamilton), Gene Sedric or Rudy Powell, and Al Casey.
Waller wrote "Squeeze Me" (1919), "Keepin' Out of Mischief Now", "Ain't Misbehavin'" (1929), "Blue Turning Grey Over You", "I've Got a Feeling I'm Falling" (1929), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1929), and "Jitterbug Waltz" (1942). He collaborated with the Tin Pan Alley lyricist Andy Razaf. He composed stride piano display pieces such as "Handful of Keys", "Valentine Stomp" and "Viper's Drag".[citation needed]
He enjoyed success touring the United Kingdom and Ireland in the 1930s. He appeared in one of the first BBC broadcasts. While in Britain, Waller also recorded a number of songs for EMI on their Compton Theatre organ located in their Abbey Road Studios in St John's Wood. He appeared in several feature films and short subject films, most notably "Stormy Weather" in 1943, which was released July 21, just months before his death. For the hit Broadway show, "Hot Chocolates", he and Razaf wrote "(What Did I Do to Be So) Black and Blue" (1929), which became a hit for Ethel Waters and Louis Armstrong.
Waller performed Bach organ pieces for small groups on occasion. Waller influenced many pre-bop jazz pianists; Count Basie and Erroll Garner have both reanimated his hit songs (notably, "Ain't Misbehavin'"). In addition to his playing, Waller was known for his many quips during his performances.
Between 1926 and the end of 1927, Waller recorded a series of pipe organ solo records. These represent the first time syncopated jazz compositions were performed on a full sized church organ.
Waller contracted pneumonia and died on a cross country train trip near Kansas City, Missouri on December 15, 1943, after making a final recording session with an interracial group in Detroit that included white trumpeter Don Hirleman. He was on his way back to Hollywood for more film work, after the smash success of "Stormy Weather". Coincidentally, as the train with the body of Waller stopped in Kansas City, so stopped a train with his dear friend Louis Armstrong on board.
Revival and awards
2008 Gennett Records Walk of Fame
2005 Jazz at Lincoln Center: Nesuhi Ertegun Jazz Hall of Fame
1993 Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award
1989 Big Band and Jazz Hall of Fame
1970 Songwriters Hall of Fame
Recordings of Fats Waller were inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame which is a special Grammy award established in 1973 to honour recordings that are at least 25 years old and that have "qualitative or historical significance".
Fats Waller: Grammy Hall of Fame Awards
1934 "Honeysuckle Rose" Jazz (Single) Victor in 1998
1929 "Ain't Misbehavin'" Jazz (Single) Victor in 1984 Listed in the National Recording Registry
by the Library of Congress in 2004.
Subject of the Irish poet Michael Longley's "Elegy for Fats Waller".
Waller's organ music is prominently featured in the David Lynch film Eraserhead.
He was caricatured in several Warner Brothers animated shorts, most notably Tin Pan Alley Cats.
In the 2008 film, Be Kind Rewind Fats Waller was a major theme and influence for the storyline.
Italian comics book artist Igort published a comic book about Waller entitled Fats Waller on Coconino Press in 2009.
Some of Waller's music ("Jitterbug Waltz") is used in the video game series BioShock.
Waller's version of "Louisiana Fairytale" was used for many years as the theme song to This Old House.
A Broadway musical revue showcasing Waller tunes entitled Ain't Misbehavin' was produced in 1978. (The show and a star of the show, Nell Carter, won Tony Awards.) The show opened at the Longacre Theatre and ran for over 1600 performances. It was revived on Broadway in 1988. Performed by five African American actors, it included such songs as "Honeysuckle Rose", "This Joint Is Jumpin'", and "Ain't Misbehavin'".
The Reefer Song
Fats Waller Lyrics
Jump to: Overall Meaning ↴ Line by Line Meaning ↴
A mighty men and not too strong
You'd be high, but not for long
If you're a viper
I'm the king of everything
I got to get high before I swing
Let the bells ring ding-dong-ding
Say you know you're high when your coke gets dry
Mmm, Everything's dandy
Oh yes, you run down to the candy store
Bust your konk on some peppermint candy
Then you know your little brown bodies dance
Don't give a damn if you don't pay the rent
The sky is high and so am I
If you're a viper
Say you know you're high
Everything is hip and dandy
Yes, Go on down to the candy store
Get my wrigglies on some peppermint candy
I love, I love it...
I ain't worried 'bout no rent, get away you hussy
Oh dear... viper...
In Fats Waller's The Reefer Song, the lyrics serve as a sort of cautionary tale about the effects of marijuana. In the first verse, the singer describes dreaming about a long joint that would get you high for a bit, but not too long. The second verse sees the singer asserting his dominance as "the king of everything," but feeling the need to get high before doing anything--he wants the bells to ring in celebration of his marijuana use. The chorus introduces the idea that being a "viper" means being high, and emphasizes the idea that one "knows" they're high when they start to feel the effects of the drug.
The final verse sees the continuation of this idea that being high is "hip and dandy"--everything is wonderful and carefree. The singer runs to the candy store to buy some peppermint, and the little brown bodies (a possible reference to African American people) start to dance without a care in the world. The line "Don't give a damn if you don't pay the rent" seems to suggest that marijuana use might lead to a lack of responsibility or motivation. The song overall seems to be both glorifying and warning against marijuana use--it's fun and feels good, but there might be negative consequences.
Line by Line Meaning
I dreamed about a reefer of five feet long
I had a dream about smoking a really long joint
A mighty men and not too strong
It was a big joint, but not too overpowering
You'd be high, but not for long
You would get high, but the feeling wouldn't last
If you're a viper
If you smoke marijuana
I'm the king of everything
I feel powerful when I'm high
I got to get high before I swing
I need to smoke before I can perform
Let the bells ring ding-dong-ding
Let's celebrate being high
Say you know you're high when your coke gets dry
You know you're high when your mouth gets dry
Mmm, Everything's dandy
Everything is great
Oh yes, you run down to the candy store
You get a craving for sweets
Bust your konk on some peppermint candy
Eat so much candy that your head hurts
Then you know your little brown bodies dance
You feel like dancing
Don't give a damn if you don't pay the rent
You don't care about your responsibilities
The sky is high and so am I
We are both high
If you're a viper
If you smoke marijuana
Say you know you're high
You know you're high
Everything is hip and dandy
Everything is cool
Yes, Go on down to the candy store
Satisfy your sweet tooth
Get my wrigglies on some peppermint candy
Get excited about eating candy
I love, I love it...
I really enjoy this experience
I ain't worried 'bout no rent, get away you hussy
I'm not concerned about paying bills, leave me alone
Oh dear... viper...
Oh boy... marijuana...
Contributed by Violet N. Suggest a correction in the comments below.
Fingerz Frienemy
Fats is a national treasure. He was such an accomplished musician and yet chose to goof around .
I love this man.
Carmine Murray
Fats could sing circles around any other cats !
His piano playing sparkled with soul, so did his voice, I am moved to tears by his joy of life, and the man had more life than ten others.
GET AWAY FROM ME YOU HUSSY ! 😮
Love it !!!
DrCrabfingers
Fats is an international treasure...one in a million!!
Zig The Mystic
There was one time when fats wrote and performed a whole concert in piano with none of his popular funny songs because he wanted people to take him seriously as a musician. During the concert people were yelling at him to play his goof songs because that's what they knew and loved him for. His funny songs were what they wanted to hear.
Mike McGrane
Amen, pure genius.
Average Jobogio
My man out here in the 1930s sang a whole song about smoking a massive joint and then having to go and purchase munchies blazed off his ass. A truely timeless theme
The Mad Carver
Peppermints and Wrigley's Chewing Gum were to hide the smell. But yes, it is a timeless, beautiful song. I'm a Viper myself, smoke reefer regularly to this tune
Average Jobogio
@The Mad Carver are you 90?
The Mad Carver
@Average Jobogio Nope, Actually 20. Turn 21 soon
Average Jobogio
@The Mad Carver so imma just stand by it definitely being the munchies lmao