His playing style was noteworthy for containing intricate solos in the higher register. His innovations also included the use of harmonics and the "singing" quality of his melodies on fretless bass. He was inducted into Down Beat Jazz Hall of Fame in 1988, one of only four bassists to be so honoured (the others being Charles Mingus, Milt Hinton, and Ray Brown), and the only electric bassist to receive this distinction.
Jaco was born on 1st December 1951 in Norristown, Pennsylvania to John Francis Pastorius II and Stephanie Katherine Haapala Pastorius, the first of their three children. Pastorius was of Finnish, German, and Irish ancestry.
Pastorius formed his first band named The Sonics along with John Caputo and Dean Noel. He went to high school at Northeast High in Oakland Park. He was a talented athlete with skills in football, basketball, and baseball, and he picked up music at an early age. He took the name "Anthony" at his confirmation.
He loved basketball and often watched it with his father. Pastorius' nickname was influenced by his love of sports and also by the umpire Jocko Conlan. He changed the spelling from "Jocko" to "Jaco" after the pianist Alex Darqui sent him a note. Darqui, who was French, assumed the name was spelled "Jaco"; Pastorius liked the new spelling. Jaco had a second nickname, given to him by his younger brother Gregory: "Mowgli", after the wild young boy in Rudyard Kipling's classic The Jungle Book. Gregory gave him the nickname in reference to Jaco's seemingly endless energy as a child. Jaco would later establish his music publishing company as Mowgli Music. In 1973, he was a professor of music at the University of Miami.
Pastorius started his musical career as a drummer (following in the footsteps of his father Jack, a stand-up drummer) but when he was 13, he injured his wrist while playing football. The break was so severe it caused calcium to build up in his wrist and required corrective surgery. After that he was never able to hit a snare drum properly again. At that time he was in a nine-piece horn band called Las Olas Brass (which covered popular material of the day by Aretha Franklin, Otis Redding, Wilson Pickett, James Brown and the Tijuana Brass.) Rendered unable to play the drums, he decided to fill in the spot left open by the recently departed bass player.
As Pastorius' interest in jazz grew, he developed a desire to play the double bass. After saving money for a considerable length of time for the purchase of a double bass, he found that the instrument could not stand up to the Florida humidity. One morning, his double bass was "in like a hundred pieces" as he put it. Deciding that to replace it would be too expensive, he instead pried out the frets on his Fender, filled the fret holes with wood putty, and coated the fingerboard with marine varnish.
He continued to play music throughout his youth, drawing on aforementioned influences like Jerry Jemmott, James Jamerson, Paul Chambers, Harvey Brooks, and Tommy Cogbill and honing his skills and developing his songwriting prowess in bands like Wayne Cochran and The C.C. Riders. He also played on various local rhythm and blues and jazz records during that time such as with Little Beaver, Ira Sullivan's Quintet, and Woodchuck. In 1974, he began playing with his friend and later famous jazz guitarist Pat Metheny. They recorded together, first with Paul Bley as leader and Bruce Ditmas on drums, then with drummer Bob Moses. Metheny and Jaco recorded a trio album with Bob Moses on the ECM label, entitled Bright Size Life.
In 1975, Pastorius met up with Blood, Sweat and Tears drummer Bobby Colomby, who had been given the green light by CBS records to find "new talent" for their jazz division. Pastorius' first album, produced by Colomby and entitled Jaco Pastorius (1976), was a breakthrough album for the electric bass. Many consider this to be the finest bass album ever recorded; when it exploded onto the jazz scene it was widely praised by critics. The album also boasted a lineup of heavyweights in the jazz community at the time, who were essentially his stellar back up band, including Herbie Hancock, Wayne Shorter, David Sanborn, Lenny White, Don Alias, and Michael Brecker among others. Even legendary R&B singers Sam & Dave reunited to appear on the track "Come On, Come Over".
Around the time of his solo album, he ran into keyboardist Joe Zawinul in Miami, where the latter's band, Weather Report, were playing. According to Zawinul, Pastorius walked up to him after a concert one night and talked about the performance and said that it was all right but that he had expected more. He then went on to tell Zawinul that he was the greatest bass player in the world. An unamused Zawinul told him to "get the fuck outta [his] sight." According to Milkowsky's book, on that same evening, Jaco persisted and, according to Zawinul, reminded Zawinul of himself when he was a "brash young man" in Cannonball Adderley's band, which made Zawinul admire the young bassist. Zawinul asked for a demo tape from Pastorius, and thus began a series of correspondence between the two.
Pastorius played on dozens of recording sessions for other musicians and guested on many albums by other artists, both in and out of jazz circles; 1976 with Ian Hunter of Mott the Hoople fame, the track "Suite: Golden Dawn" on Al Di Meola's Land of the Midnight Sun, on All American Alien Boy with David Sanborn, Aynsley Dunbar, etc. Some of his most notable features were four highly regarded albums with acclaimed singer/songwriter Joni Mitchell: Hejira (1976), Don Juan's Reckless Daughter (1977), Mingus (1979) and the live album Shadows and Light (1980). His influence was most dominant on Don Juan's Reckless Daughter, and many of the songs on that album seem to be composed using the bass as a melodic source of inspiration. Soon after Hejira, Weather Report bass player Alphonso Johnson gave notice that he would be leaving to start his own band. Pastorius was happily invited by Zawinul to join the band, where he played alongside Joe and Wayne Shorter until 1983. It is with Weather Report that Pastorius made his indelible mark on jazz music, being featured on one of the most popular jazz albums of all time, the Grammy-nominated Heavy Weather. Not only did this album showcase Jaco's stunning bass playing, but he also received a co-producing credit with Joe Zawinul and even plays drums on his self-composed "Teen Town".
Pastorius entered Weather Report during the recording sessions for Black Market he became a vital part of the band both by virtue of the unique qualities of his bass playing, his skills as a composer and his exuberant showmanship on stage. His stage act and melodic, propulsive solos brought Weather Report a large new black audience; before his arrival the band had mostly pulled in white college fans.
One night before a gig, Zawinul offered Jaco a drink to loosen him up. Pastorius had never drunk before due to his father's own struggles with alcohol, but after two drinks, Zawinul said he got "strange. He started throwing things. I knew right away I had made a mistake." Pastorius' drinking grew more out of control in the ensuing years, with Zawinul so furious during a Japanese tour in 1980 he was ready to fire Jaco. He called bassist Tony Levin, but he wasn't available. Before a replacement was found, Jaco showed up at Zawinul's door apologising profusely, and Joe once again forgave him.
By the time he and Weather Report parted ways in early 1981, Jaco began pursuing his interest in creating a Big Band solo project named Word of Mouth, one that found its debut aurally on his second solo release, Word of Mouth. This 1981 album also boasted guest appearances by several distinguished jazz musicians; Herbie Hancock, Weather Report alumni Wayne Shorter and Peter Erskine, and harmonica virtuoso Toots Thielemans and Hubert Laws. The album allowed Pastorius' songwriting to take some of the spotlight from his bass performance. It also showcased his production skills and ultimately, his ability to bring together a project that was recorded on both coasts of the United States. The name came from a party Jaco had thrown for his birthday; he wanted to put together a big jazz show but was legally prohibited from publicising it, so the news was spread by word of mouth instead, and the musicians thrown together for the gig were dubbed the Word of Mouth Orchestra.
He toured in 1982; a swing through Japan was the highlight, and it was at this time that bizarre tales of Jaco's deteriorating behavior first surfaced. He shaved his head, painted his face black and threw his bass into Hiroshima Bay at one point. That tour was released in Japan as Twins I and Twins II and was condensed for an American release which was known as Invitation.
Near the end of his career, he guested on low-key releases by jazz artists such as guitarist Mike Stern, gypsy guitarist Biréli Lagrène, and drummer Brian Melvin. In 1985, he recorded an instructional video, Modern Electric Bass, hosted by bass legend Jerry Jemmott.
In the early to mid-1980s, Pastorius began to experience increasingly severe mental health problems. These were worsened by drug and alcohol use, and he was eventually diagnosed as suffering from bipolar disorder. Although his on-stage and off-stage antics were already well-documented, his mental health and addiction issues exacerbated his already unusual and often bizarre behavior, and his musical performances suffered.
In 1982, he managed to record a third solo album, which made it as far as some unpolished demo tapes, a steelpans-tinged release entitled Holiday for Pans, which once again showcased him as a composer and producer rather than a performer. Jaco did not play any of the bass parts on this album. He could not find a distributor for the album and the album was never released; however, it has since been widely bootlegged. In 2003, a cut from Holiday for Pans, entitled "Good Morning Anya", was included on Rhino Records' anthology Punk Jazz.
From 1984 to 1987 he played in various solo acts, mostly in Fort Lauderdale, Florida and New York City. His erratic behavior led to his becoming an outcast in the musical community. He was left to gig at various smaller venues, but as his behavior became too much, he would be banned at one club and move on to the next. He was eventually dropped by his label, Warner Brothers. He had to be pulled off stage during the 1984 Playboy Jazz Festival because of his drunkenness, prompting an apology to the crowd by MC Bill Cosby. By 1984, the Word of Mouth Big Band had also splintered.
After sneaking onstage at a Carlos Santana concert 11th September 1987, he was ejected from the premises, and he made his way to the Midnight Bottle Club in Wilton Manors, Florida. After reportedly kicking in a glass door after being refused entrance to the club, he engaged in a violent confrontation with the club bouncer, Luc Havan. Pastorius was hospitalised for multiple facial fractures and damage to his right eye and right arm, and had sustained irreversible brain damage. He fell into a coma and was put on life support.
There were initially encouraging signs that he would come out of his coma and recover, but a massive brain hemorrhage a few days later pointed to brain death. His family decided on a majority vote to remove him from life support, even though his second wife Ingrid was against the decision. Pastorius died on 21st September 1987, aged thirty-five, at Broward General Medical Center in Fort Lauderdale. His heart continued to beat for three hours after the life support machine was disconnected.
In the wake of Pastorius' death, Havan, a karate expert, was charged with second degree murder, but later pleaded guilty to manslaughter, for which he served four months. Pastorius was buried at Our Lady Queen of Heaven Cemetery in North Lauderdale.
American Boy
Jaco Pastorius Lyrics
Jump to: Overall Meaning ↴ Line by Line Meaning ↴
'Cause I don't believe in them dimmo drags
Don't want to vote for the left wing - don't want to vote for the right
I gotta have both-to make me fly
Just a whitey from Blighty - heading out west
Got my little green card an' my bulletproof vest
Goin' to old tube city - where the buzz is the best
Well I was born (on the line) an' I was raised (on the line)
I was schooled (on the line) an' I was fazed (on the line)
An' I was used (on the line) an' I was dazed (on the line)
Just had to split (off the line) 'cause I was crazed (off the line)
An' I remember all the good times - me 'n Miller enjoyed
Up and down the M1 in some luminous yo-yo toy
But the future has to change - and to change I've got to destroy
Oh look out Lennon here I come - land ahoy-hoy-hoy
All American Alien Boy All American Alien Boy
Don't look down put your feet on the ground don't drown in the big aquarium
Don't walk slow - put on a big show - shove your meat down vegetarians
Don't get slugged, get mugged, get bugged, or they'll sling you in the jug
Shove you under some rug, give you some drug - pull out the plug and then...
And they're telling me this hamburger's cheaper than the other
An' this television's cheaper than the other
And they're selling me hotdogs cheaper than the other
An' these pizzas cheaper than the other
And I don't understand all this - I'm just an All American Alien Boy
An' they're telling me rifles are shot in Connecticut
They're telling me pistols are shot in Westchester
You can get a Saturday Night Special on Flatbush, on the Bowery, or the Bronx
Or on 42nd Street - And I don't understand all this - being an All American Alien Boy
I've got sodium nitrate rotting in my guts
My head's full of ulcers I got lungs full of butts
My heart wants a transplant - it thinks that I'm nuts
My logic won't open - my eyes won't shut
An' I'm beginning to dig all this - being an All American Alien Boy
And your women are always right (alright)
They always know so much more
'Cause the women came from heaven
An' the men came outta some store
An' they don't know who they are and they don't know what they're for
I'm an All American Alien Boy - look out Mary Tyler Moore
All American Alien Boy
Ten Bears, Two Bears, Standing Bear, Plenty Bear,
Old Bear, Brave Bear, Hollow Horn Bear
Silver Knife, Spotted Tail, Yellow Hand, Red Cloud,
Red Fox, Red Horse, Black Kettle,
White Ghost, White Bull, White Thunder, White Hog,
hold on a minute gotta frog in my throat
Cochise, Alchise, Roman Nose, Geronimo - hold on a minute - more to go
Sitting Bull, Tall Bull, Crazy Horse and Short Bull,
Low Dog, Red Dog, Yellow Wolf, Low Wolf
Loco, Victorio, Chato, Little Crow, Dead Eyes, Jak, Taza an' Colorow
My mouth's exploding that's enough of this noise
I guess we're all - All American Alien Boys.
The lyrics to Jaco Pastorius's "American Boy" describe the journey of a white British man who decides to leave his homeland and come to America. He expresses his disillusionment with the political system, as he doesn't want to vote for either the left or right-wing parties. The singer feels that he needs both to make him fly. The journey takes him to the city of New York, which he describes as the best place to be. He mentions his past experiences in England with Miller, but he feels the future has to change, and to change, he has to destroy. He mentions Lennon as he's sailing towards America to start anew.
Line by Line Meaning
I packed my bags - in the land of rags
I left my home, where life was a struggle, because I wanted something more.
'Cause I don't believe in them dimmo drags
I didn't want to be held back by negativity or conformity.
Don't want to vote for the left wing - don't want to vote for the right
I don't want to be tied down to one ideology or political party.
I gotta have both-to make me fly
I need a balance of different perspectives to really thrive and grow.
Just a whitey from Blighty - heading out west
I'm just a white British guy, going to explore the American West.
Got my little green card an' my bulletproof vest
I have my immigration papers and I'm prepared for whatever challenges may come my way.
Goin' to old tube city - where the buzz is the best
I'm going to a vibrant, exciting city with lots of energy.
On down the line (down the line) down the line (down the line)
I'm travelling further west, continuing on down the line of progress and change.
Well I was born (on the line) an' I was raised (on the line)
I grew up in a place where life was tough and often uncertain.
I was schooled (on the line) an' I was fazed (on the line)
I received some formal education and learned a lot, but also faced many challenges and obstacles.
An' I was used (on the line) an' I was dazed (on the line)
I often felt like I was just a pawn in others' games and that the world was overwhelming and confusing.
Just had to split (off the line) 'cause I was crazed (off the line)
I had to leave the place where I grew up because it no longer made sense for me and was driving me crazy.
An' I remember all the good times - me 'n Miller enjoyed
I recall fondly some memories of good times with a friend named Miller.
Up and down the M1 in some luminous yo-yo toy
We drove around on some kind of flashy, fun vehicle along a major British highway.
But the future has to change - and to change I've got to destroy
I recognize that change is necessary and sometimes requires tearing down old structures.
Oh look out Lennon here I come - land ahoy-hoy-hoy
I feel like I'm on a mission and could become a major cultural figure, like John Lennon.
All American Alien Boy All American Alien Boy
I feel like a unique, otherworldly creature in America, with a mix of cultures and viewpoints.
Don't look down put your feet on the ground don't drown in the big aquarium
Stay grounded and don't lose yourself in the craziness and excess of American culture.
Don't walk slow - put on a big show - shove your meat down vegetarians
Be confident and bold, and don't worry about clashing with others' values or beliefs.
Don't get slugged, get mugged, get bugged, or they'll sling you in the jug
Be careful and stay out of trouble, or you could end up in jail.
Shove you under some rug, give you some drug - pull out the plug and then...
They might try to hide you away or take advantage of you, and you could end up losing control or even dying.
And they're telling me this hamburger's cheaper than the other
There's always someone telling me that one thing is better or cheaper than another in America.
An' this television's cheaper than the other
Advertisers are always trying to convince me to buy one product over another.
And they're selling me hotdogs cheaper than the other
Even food is marketed in this way, with some hot dogs seen as 'better' or cheaper than others.
And these pizzas cheaper than the other
People seem to be obsessed with getting the best deals, even for something like pizza.
And I don't understand all this - I'm just an All American Alien Boy
I'm still trying to figure out all the strange customs and phenomena of Americans, as someone who feels like an outsider.
An' they're telling me rifles are shot in Connecticut
I'm constantly hearing about shootings and violence happening across America, including in Connecticut.
They're telling me pistols are shot in Westchester
News reports suggest that shootings with small handguns happen in Westchester, New York.
You can get a Saturday Night Special on Flatbush, on the Bowery, or the Bronx
Weapons of all kinds seem easy to obtain in certain areas, regardless of laws or regulations.
Or on 42nd Street - And I don't understand all this - being an All American Alien Boy
Gun violence is pervasive and confusing to me, as someone still trying to make sense of American culture.
I've got sodium nitrate rotting in my guts
I know that the food I eat often has harmful chemicals that can contribute to poor health.
My head's full of ulcers I got lungs full of butts
The stress and pollution of American life are really taking a toll on my physical and mental health.
My heart wants a transplant - it thinks that I'm nuts
I'm starting to feel like I need a fresh start and a new perspective to thrive in America.
My logic won't open - my eyes won't shut
I'm feeling overwhelmed and confused by American culture and my place in it, with no clear solutions.
An' I'm beginning to dig all this - being an All American Alien Boy
Despite the many challenges and confusing aspects of America, I'm starting to find some value in being an outsider and experiencing something new and different.
And your women are always right (alright)
I'm starting to see that women are often more perceptive and insightful than men, with a better perspective on life.
They always know so much more
Women often have a deep understanding of the world and life experiences that men lack.
'Cause the women came from heaven
Women are divine creatures with a wisdom and grace that is otherworldly.
An' the men came outta some store
In contrast, men are often seen as superficial and lacking in true depth or character.
An' they don't know who they are and they don't know what they're for
Men seem to be aimless and confused, with no clear sense of purpose or direction.
I'm an All American Alien Boy - look out Mary Tyler Moore
I'm still feeling like a unique outsider in America, and am becoming more confident and proud of my new identity.
Ten Bears, Two Bears, Standing Bear, Plenty Bear,
These are all Native American leaders, who were instrumental in the fight against the U.S. government.
Old Bear, Brave Bear, Hollow Horn Bear
These were other important leaders who fought for the rights of the Native American people.
Silver Knife, Spotted Tail, Yellow Hand, Red Cloud,
These were all Native American leaders who worked to protect their land and people in various ways.
Red Fox, Red Horse, Black Kettle,
These were other notable Native American chiefs or leaders who took part in various conflicts with the U.S. government.
White Ghost, White Bull, White Thunder, White Hog,
These are examples of Native American names that were often given sarcastically, poking fun at white people and their attitudes or stereotypes about Native American culture.
hold on a minute gotta frog in my throat
I'm momentarily interrupted by a physical ailment or distraction.
Cochise, Alchise, Roman Nose, Geronimo - hold on a minute - more to go
These are other notable Native American leaders who fought to resist colonization or suppression by the U.S. government.
Sitting Bull, Tall Bull, Crazy Horse and Short Bull,
These are some of the most famous Native American chiefs or warriors, known for their bravery and leadership during times of conflict.
Low Dog, Red Dog, Yellow Wolf, Low Wolf
These are other examples of Native American names, which were often given to honor animals, nature or certain qualities of their bearers.
Loco, Victorio, Chato, Little Crow, Dead Eyes, Jak, Taza an' Colorow
These are other notable Native American leaders or chiefs, with a wide range of backgrounds and experiences.
My mouth's exploding that's enough of this noise
I'm starting to feel overwhelmed and unable to continue listing off names and meanings related to Native American culture and history.
I guess we're all - All American Alien Boys.
Despite our differences and unique backgrounds, we're all outsiders in some way or another in America, and this shared experience of feeling 'alienated' brings us together.
Lyrics © Sony/ATV Music Publishing LLC
Written by: IAN HUNTER
Lyrics Licensed & Provided by LyricFind