HMV Magazine ranked him as #46 on a list of the 100 most influential musicians of the 20th century.
The musical style performed by Fela Kuti is called Afrobeat, which is essentially a fusion of jazz, funk, highlife, and traditional Yoruban chants and rhythms. It is characterized by having African-style percussion, vocals, and musical structure, along with jazzy, funky horn sections. The endless groove is also used, in which a base rhythm of drums, shekere, muted guitar, and bass guitar are repeated throughout the song. His band was notable for featuring two baritone saxophones, whereas most groups using this instrument only use one. This is a common technique in African and African-influenced musical styles, and can be seen in funk and hip-hop. Some elements often present in Fela's music are the call-and-response within the chorus and figurative but simple lyrics. Fela's songs were almost always over 10 minutes in length, some reaching the 20- or even 30-minute marks, while some unreleased tracks would last up to 45 minutes when performed live. This was one of many reasons that his music never reached a substantial degree of popularity outside of Africa. His songs were mostly sung in Nigerian pidgin, although he also performed a few songs in the Yoruba language. Fela's main instruments were the saxophone and the keyboards, but he also played the trumpet, guitar, and took the occasional drum solo. Fela refused to perform songs again after he had already recorded them, which also hindered his popularity outside Africa. Fela was known for his showmanship, and his concerts were often quite outlandish and wild. He referred to his stage act as the Underground Spiritual Game.
Fela was born Olufela Olusegun Oludotun Ransome-Kuti in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria, to a middle-class family. His mother, Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, was a feminist activist in the anti-colonial movement and his father, Reverend Israel Oludotun Ransome-Kuti, a Protestant minister and school Principal, was the first president of the Nigerian Union of Teachers. His brothers, Dr. Beko Ransome-Kuti and Professor Olikoye Ransome-Kuti,both medical doctors, are both well known in Nigeria.
Fela was sent to London in 1958 to study medicine but decided to study music instead at the Trinity College of Music. While there, he formed the band Koola Lobitos, playing a style of music that he would later call Afrobeat. The style was a fusion of American Jazz, psychedelic rock, and Funk with West African Highlife. In 1961, Fela married his first wife, Remilekun (Remi) Taylor, with whom he would have three children (Femi, Yeni, and Sola). In 1963, Fela moved back to Nigeria, re-formed Koola Lobitos and trained as a radio producer for the Nigerian Broadcasting Corporation. In 1969, Fela took the band to the United States. While there, Fela discovered the Black power movement through Sandra Smith (now Isidore)—a partisan of the Black Panther Party—which would heavily influence his music and political views and renamed the band Nigeria ’70. Soon, the Immigration and Naturalization Service was tipped off by a promoter that Fela and his band were in the US without work permits. The band then performed a quick recording session in Los Angeles that would later be released as The '69 Los Angeles Sessions.
Fela and his band, renamed Africa '70, returned to Nigeria. He then formed the Kalakuta Republic, a commune, a recording studio, and a home for many connected to the band that he later declared independent from the Nigerian state. Fela set up a nightclub in the Empire Hotel, named the Afro-Spot and then the Afrika Shrine, where he performed regularly. Fela also changed his middle name to Anikulapo (meaning "he who carries death in his pouch"), stating that his original middle name of Ransome was a slave name. The recordings continued, and the music became more politically motivated. Fela's music became very popular among the Nigerian public and Africans in general. In fact, he made the decision to sing in Pidgin English so that his music could be enjoyed by individuals all over Africa, where the local languages spoken are very diverse and numerous. As popular as Fela's music had become in Nigeria and elsewhere, it was also very unpopular with the ruling government, and raids on the Kalakuta Republic were frequent. In 1974 the police arrived with a search warrant and a cannabis joint, which they had intended to plant on Fela. He became wise to this and swallowed the joint. In response, the police took him into custody and waited to examine his feces. Fela enlisted the help of his prison mates and gave the police someone else's feces, and Fela was freed. He then recounted this tale in his release Expensive Shit (now released together with "He Miss Road" as Expensive Shit/He Miss Road).
In 1977 Fela and the Afrika ’70 released the hit album Zombie, a scathing attack on Nigerian soldiers using the zombie metaphor to describe the methods of the Nigerian military. The album was a smash hit with the people and infuriated the government, setting off a vicious attack against the Kalakuta Republic, during which one thousand soldiers attacked the commune. Fela was severely beaten, and his elderly mother was thrown from a window, causing fatal injuries. The Kalakuta Republic was burned, and Fela's studio, instruments, and master tapes were destroyed. Fela claimed that he would have been killed if it were not for the intervention of a commanding officer as he was being beaten. Fela's response to the attack was to deliver his mother's coffin to the main army barrack in Lagos and write two songs, "Coffin for Head of State" and "Unknown Soldier," referencing the official inquiry that claimed the commune had been destroyed by an unknown soldier.
Fela and his band then took residence in Crossroads Hotel as the Shrine had been destroyed along with his commune. In 1978 Fela married 27 women, many of whom were his dancers, composers, and singers to mark the anniversary of the attack on the Kalakuta Republic. Later, he was to adopt a rotation system of keeping only twelve simultaneous wives. The year was also marked by two notorious concerts, the first in Accra in which riots broke out during the song "Zombie," which led to Fela being banned from entering Ghana. The second was at the Berlin Jazz Festival after which most of Fela's musicians deserted him, due to rumors that Fela was planning to use the entirety of the proceeds to fund his presidential campaign.
Despite the massive setbacks, Fela was determined to come back. He formed his own political party, which he called 'Movement of the People'. In 1979 he put himself forward for President in Nigeria's first elections for more than a decade but his candidature was refused. At this time, Fela created a new band called Egypt 80 and continued to record albums and tour the country. He further infuriated the political establishment by dropping the names of ITT vice-president Moshood Abiola and then General Olusegun Obasanjo at the end of a hot-selling 25-minute political screed titled "I. T. T. (International Thief Thief)."
In 1984, he was again attacked by the Military government, who jailed him on a dubious charge of currency smuggling. His case was taken up by several human-rights groups, and after 20 months, he was released from prison by General Ibrahim Babangida. On his release he divorced his 12 remaining wives, saying that "marriage brings jealousy and selfishness." Once again, Fela continued to release albums with Egypt 80, made a number of successful tours of the United States and Europe and also continued to be politically active. In 1986, Fela performed in Giants Stadium in New Jersey as part of the Amnesty International Conspiracy of Hope concert, sharing the bill with Bono, Carlos Santana, and the Neville Brothers. In 1989, Fela & Egypt 80 released the anti-apartheid "Beasts of No Nation" album that depicts on its cover U.S. President Ronald Reagan, UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and South African Prime Minister P.W. Botha with fangs dripping blood.
His album output slowed in the 1990s, and eventually he stopped releasing albums altogether. The battle against military corruption in Nigeria was taking its toll, especially during the rise of dictator Sani Abacha. Rumors were also spreading that he was suffering from an illness for which he was refusing treatment. On 3 August 1997, Olikoye Ransome-Kuti, already a prominent AIDS activist and former Minister of Health, stunned the nation by announcing his younger brother's death a day earlier from Kaposi's sarcoma brought on by AIDS. (Their younger brother Beko was in jail at this time at the hand of Abacha for political activity). More than a million people attended Fela's funeral at the site of the old Shrine compound. A new Africa Shrine has opened since Fela's death in a different section of Lagos under the supervision of his son Femi Kuti.
Unknown Soldier
Fela Kuti Lyrics
Jump to: Overall Meaning ↴ Line by Line Meaning ↴
Just wait make I tell you something
[Chorus]
Fela, you don come again!
I never come again
I still live dey faraway
[Chorus]
Where you dey go?
Make I reach...
Make I reach
Don't ask me
Wait and see
I say, I say, I say...
This thing wey happen
Happen for my country
Na big big thing
First time in the whole world
If you hear the name, you go know
Government magic
Tell me the name now
[Chorus]
Government magic!
Them go dabaru everything
Them go turn green into white
Them go turn red into blue
Water dey go, water dey come
Water dey go, water dey come
Them go turn electric to candle
Them go turn electric to candle
Government magic
Government magic
I see dey come
Small, small
Look o, look o
[Chorus]
Left, right, left, right, left, right, left!
One thousand soldiers them dey come
People dey wonder, dey wonder, dey wonder
One more time: people dey wonder, dey wonder, dey wonder
Stevie Wonder dey there too
Na one week after FESTAC too
And dey broadcast on American satellite
Around that time too now, I say to you
Where these one thousand soldiers them dey go?
Look o
Na Fela house Kalakuta
Them don reach the place, them dey wait
Them dey wait for...
[Chorus]
Order!
Now listen
[Chorus]
Left, right, left, right, left, right, left!
Them surround the place, kwam kwam kwam, them dey wait
Wait them helmet and them guns
And them petrol and them matches
Then again...
[Chorus]
Stand at ease!
Fela dey for house
Beko dey there too
Them mama dey there too
Beautiful people dey there too
Frenchman dey there too
Press man dey there too
One-fifty of us dey there too
Then suddenly, suddenly, suddenly, suddenly...
[Chorus]
Jaba, jaba...
Jubu, jubu...
Jebe, jebe...
Jawa, jawa...
Them dey break, yes
Them dey steal, yes
Them dey loot, yes
Them dey fuck some of the women by force, yes
Them dey rape, yes
Them dey burn, yes
Them dey burn, yes
Them dey burn, yes
Them commot one student's eye, yes
Them break some some head
Them break some some head
Them throw my mama
Seventy-eight-year-old mama
Political mama
Ideological mama
Influential mama...
Them throw my mama out from window
Them kill my mama
Them kill my mama
Them kill my mama
Them kill my mama
Them kill my mama
Them carry everybody
Them carry everybody go inside jail
[Chorus]
Fall out!
Everybody dey inside jail
We dey wait twenty-seven days
Them lock us
Press dey shout
Radio dey ring
People dey talk
Them go burn Fela house
Wettin this Fela do?
This government e bad o
Wetin this Fela do?
Fela talk about soldiers
Flogging civilians for streets
Fela talk about government
Wasting money for FESTAC
Wetin this Fela do?
This government e bad o
People start to talk o
Government start to shake o
Then suddenly, suddenly, suddenly, suddenly...
Government bring instruments of magic
Them bring inquiry
Them bring two men
One soldier, one Justice
The name of Justice: Mr. Justice Agwu Anya
The other Justice: Mr. Justice Dosunmu
Them start magic
Them seize my house wey them don burn
Them seize my land
Them drive all the people wey live in area
Two thousand citizens
Them make them all homeless now
Them start magic
Them start magic
Them bring flame, them bring hat
Them conjure, them bring rabbit
Them bring egg, them bring smoke
Them dey scream, them dey fall
Them conjure, spirit catch them
Them dey fall, them dey scream
Them dey shout
Them dey, them dey say
[Chorus]
Unknown soldier!
Na him do am
Government magic
I get some information for you
I get some information for you
That my mama wey you kill
She fought for universal adult suffrage
That my mama wey you kill
She fought for universal adult suffrage
That my mama wey you kill
She is the only mother of this country
That my mama wey you kill
She is the only mother of Nigeria
Which kind injustice is this?
Wetin concern government inside?
If na unknown soldier
I said, wetin concern government inside?
If na unknown soldier
We get unknown police
We get unknown soldier
We get unknown civilian
All is equal to unknown government
We get unknown police
Them go kill nine students
We get unknown civilian
Them go kill two soldiers
We get unknown soldier
I say unknown police
And then unknown soldier
And then unknown civilian
All is equal to unknown government
Them turn green into red
Them turn blue into white
Them turn green into blue
I'm finished, mother
"Unknown Soldier" is a powerful protest song by the Nigerian musician Fela Anikulapo-Kuti, released in 1979. The song was a direct response to a violent military attack on Fela's compound, the Kalakuta Republic, on February 18th, 1977, which was carried out by a thousand soldiers in response to Fela's critical music and activism. The soldiers set fire to the compound, destroyed Fela's property, and brutalized the people who lived there, including Fela's mother, who was thrown from a window and later died from her injuries. The lyrics describe the brutality of the soldiers, who looted and raped and the injustice of the government that allowed such violence to happen. Fela highlights the complicity of the government in allowing unknown soldiers and police to carry out atrocities against civilians.
The lyrics of "Unknown Soldier" are a powerful commentary on the state of Nigeria at the time and the dangers of speaking out against an oppressive government. Fela's biting critique of the Nigerian military and government, as well as his calls for justice, solidarity, and resistance, helped to inspire a generation of Nigerian activists and musicians.
Line by Line Meaning
Make you no go anywhere
Stay here and listen to what I have to say.
[Chorus] Fela, you don come again! I never come again I still live dey faraway Make you wait till I reach where I dey go
This is not a musical performance, I have an important message to deliver but I am not physically present. Wait for my return.
Where you dey go? Make I reach... Make I reach Don't ask me Wait and see I say, I say, I say...
I am traveling to a particular destination but I cannot reveal it because I am being followed. Just wait and see what will happen.
This thing wey happen Happen for my country Na big big thing First time in the whole world If you hear the name, you go know Government magic Tell me the name now Government magic!
What happened in my country is a significant event that has never occurred anywhere else in the world. It is called Government magic, a process by which the government can manipulate anything to suit its interests.
Them go dabaru everything Them go turn green into white Them go turn red into blue Water dey go, water dey come Them go turn electric to candle I see dey come Small, small Look o, look o
The government can change anything, even the laws of nature. They can make water flow backwards, turn electricity into candlelight, and make colors appear different from what they actually are, all without explanation.
Left, right, left, right, left, right, left!
The soldiers are marching towards their destination.
One thousand soldiers them dey come People dey wonder, dey wonder, de wonder One more time: people dey wonder, dey wonder, de wonder Stevie Wonder dey there too Na one week after FESTAC too And dey broadcast on American satellite Around that time too now, I say to you Where these one thousand soldiers them dey go?
A thousand soldiers are en route to their destination, including Stevie Wonder. This event takes place a week after FESTAC and is being broadcast on American satellite TV. The purpose and destination of these soldiers are unknown.
Look o Na Fela house Kalakuta Them don reach the place, them dey wait Them dey wait for... Order!
The soldiers have arrived at Fela's home in Kalakuta and are waiting for orders.
Now listen Them surround the place, kwam kwam kwam, them dey wait Wait them helmet and them guns And them petrol and them matches
The soldiers have surrounded the house with their helmets, guns, petrol, and matches, creating a dangerous sense of anticipation.
Then again... Stand at ease! Fela dey for house Beko dey there too Them mama dey there too Beautiful people dey there too Frenchman dey there too Press man dey there too One-fifty of us dey there too
Fela, Beko, and other people including a Frenchman, press man, and 150 others are in the house at the time of the soldiers' arrival.
Then suddenly, suddenly, suddenly, suddenly... Jaba, jaba... Jubu, jubu... Jebe, jebe... Jawa, jawa... Them dey break, yes Them dey steal, yes Them dey loot, yes Them dey fuck some of the women by force, yes Them dey rape, yes Them dey burn, yes Them commot one student's eye, yes Them break some some head Them throw my mama Seventy-eight-year-old mama Political mama Ideological mama Influential mama...
The soldiers suddenly break into the house and begin to steal, loot, rape, and burn, causing chaos and destruction. They even threw Fela's mother, a political and ideological figure, out of a window to her death.
Them carry everybody Them carry everybody go inside jail Fall out! Everybody dey inside jail We dey wait twenty-seven days Them lock us Press dey shout Radio dey ring People dey talk Them go burn Fela house Wettin this Fela do?
The soldiers arrest everyone in the house and put them in jail for 27 days. Meanwhile, the press, radio, and people discuss the incident, and the government burns down Fela's house in retaliation. Fela is accused of being responsible for the incident.
This government e bad o Wetin this Fela do? Fela talk about soldiers Flogging civilians for streets Fela talk about government Wasting money for FESTAC People start to talk o Government start to shake o Government bring instruments of magic Them bring inquiry Them bring two men One soldier, one Justice The name of Justice: Mr. Justice Agwu Anya The other Justice: Mr. Justice Dosunmu Them start magic
The government is corrupt and unjust, and Fela is targeted for speaking out against soldiers abusing civilians and for criticizing the government's spending on FESTAC. The government responds with an inquiry and judicial process involving two men, one of whom is soldier Justice Agwu Anya.
Them seize my house wey them don burn Them seize my land Them drive all the people wey live in area Two thousand citizens Them make them all homeless now Them bring flame, them bring hat Them conjure, them bring rabbit Them bring egg, them bring smoke Them dey scream, them dey fall Them conjure, spirit catch them Them dey fall, them dey scream Them dey shout Them dey, them dey say Unknown soldier!
The government seizes and burns Fela's house and land, forcing thousands of people to become homeless. They use magic and conjuration to instill fear and terror in the population, including the phrase 'Unknown Soldier.'
Na him do am I get some information for you That my mama wey you kill She fought for universal adult suffrage She is the only mother of this country She is the only mother of Nigeria Which kind injustice is this? Wetin concern government inside? If na unknown soldier I said, wetin concern government inside? We get unknown police We get unknown soldier We get unknown civilian All is equal to unknown government Them go kill nine students Them go kill two soldiers I say unknown police And then unknown soldier And then unknown civilian Them turn green into red Them turn blue into white Them turn green into blue I'm finished, mother
The government is responsible for Fela's mother's death, despite her fighting for universal adult suffrage and being considered the mother of the country. The concept of 'unknown' implies that citizens are powerless and have no control over their government or law enforcement. The government is indiscriminate in hiring and killing police, soldiers, and civilians, and can change the facts or truth at will. The singer fears retaliation for exposing the government's corruption and scandal.
Contributed by Jasmine K. Suggest a correction in the comments below.
Rick Natureboy
"Political mama
Ideological mama
Influential mama...
Them throw my mama out from window
Them kill my mama
Them kill my mama
Them kill my mama
Them kill my mama
Them kill my mama"
As a man that extremely & deeply love my dearly beloved late mother, this part of this iconic song brought tears to my eyes.
Muhammad Ramone
Make you no go anywhere
Just wait make I tell you something
Fela, you don come again!
I never come again
I still live dey faraway
Make you wait till I reach where I dey go
Where you dey go?
Make I reach...
Make I reach
Don't ask me
Wait and see
I say, I say, I say...
This thing wey happen
Happen for my country
Na big big thing
First time in the whole world
If you hear the name, you go know
Government magic
Tell me the name now
Government magic!
Them go dabaru everything
Them go turn green into white
Them go turn red into blue
Water dey go, water dey come
Water dey go, water dey come
Them go turn electric to candle
Them go turn electric to candle
Government magic
Government magic
I see dey come
Small, small
Look o, look o
Left, right, left, right, left, right, left!
One thousand soldiers them dey come
People dey wonder, dey wonder, dey wonder
One more time: people dey wonder, dey wonder, dey wonder
Stevie Wonder dey there too
Na one week after FESTAC too
And dey broadcast on American satellite
Around that time too now, I say to you
Where these one thousand soldiers them dey go?
Look o
Na Fela house Kalakuta
Them don reach the place, them dey wait
Them dey wait for...
Order!
Now listen
Left, right, left, right, left, right, left!
Them surround the place, kwam kwam kwam, them dey wait
Wait them helmet and them guns
And them petrol and them matches
Then again...
Stand at ease!
Fela dey for house
Beko dey there too
Them mama dey there too
Beautiful people dey there too
Frenchman dey there too
Press man dey there too
One-fifty of us dey there too
Then suddenly, suddenly, suddenly, suddenly...
Jaba, jaba...
Jubu, jubu...
Jebe, jebe...
Jawa, jawa...
Them dey break, yes
Them dey steal, yes
Them dey loot, yes
Them dey fuck some of the women by force, yes
Them dey rape, yes
Them dey burn, yes
Them dey burn, yes
Them dey burn, yes
Them commot one student's eye, yes
Them break some some head
Them break some some head
Them throw my mama
Seventy-eight-year-old mama
Political mama
Ideological mama
Influential mama...
Them throw my mama out from window
Them kill my mama
Them kill my mama
Them kill my mama
Them kill my mama
Them kill my mama
Them carry everybody
Them carry everybody go inside jail
Fall out!
Everybody dey inside jail
We dey wait twenty-seven days
Them lock us
Press dey shout
Radio dey ring
People dey talk
Them go burn Fela house
Wettin this Fela do?
This government e bad o
Wetin this Fela do?
Fela talk about soldiers
Flogging civilians for streets
Fela talk about government
Wasting money for FESTAC
Wetin this Fela do?
This government e bad o
People start to talk o
Government start to shake o
Then suddenly, suddenly, suddenly, suddenly...
Government bring instruments of magic
Them bring inquiry
Them bring two men
One soldier, one Justice
The name of Justice: Mr. Justice Agwu Anya
The other Justice: Mr. Justice Dosunmu
Them start magic
Them seize my house wey them don burn
Them seize my land
Them drive all the people wey live in area
Two thousand citizens
Them make them all homeless now
Them start magic
Them start magic
Them bring flame, them bring hat
Them conjure, them bring rabbit
Them bring egg, them bring smoke
Them dey scream, them dey fall
Them conjure, spirit catch them
Them dey fall, them dey scream
Them dey shout
Them dey, them dey say
Unknown soldier!
Na him do am
Government magic
I get some information for you
I get some information for you
That my mama wey you kill
She fought for universal adult suffrage
That my mama wey you kill
She fought for universal adult suffrage
That my mama wey you kill
She is the only mother of this country
That my mama wey you kill
She is the only mother of Nigeria
Which kind injustice is this?
Wetin concern government inside?
If na unknown soldier
I said, wetin concern government inside?
If na unknown soldier
We get unknown police
We get unknown soldier
We get unknown civilian
All is equal to unknown government
We get unknown police
Them go kill nine students
We get unknown civilian
Them go kill two soldiers
We get unknown soldier
I say unknown police
And then unknown soldier
And then unknown civilian
All is equal to unknown government
Them turn green into red
Them turn blue into white
Them turn green into blue
I'm finished, mother
Yanathan Duru
Isn`t it amazing that people who persecuted him are long dead and mostly forgotten by all, yet Fela and his music live on in the hearts of many and still more generation to come will talk about him!Love the Man.
Chika Rayleigh
The people who tormented Fela and Nigeria are still alive. Gowon, Babangida, Obasanjo, Buhari is even ruling Nigeria.
Christopher otasowie
I have kids from 20 down to 2 years old..they all know who babs Fela is...I play his music Saturday's and Sundays since they were born and I translate the meaning of the lyrics to them.
ToyotaGuy1971
"The first shall be last, and the last shall be first". You can see this prophecy fulfilled again, and again.
osazuwa ogbeide
Yanthan most of them are still alive Bihari babaginda obasanjo are still living today and gowon
Erika Johnson
forever and ever and ever. Rest Up Brotha Fela!
harpua13
When this strong man's voice cracks singing about the murder of his mother is one of the most soul wrenching moments in all of music. A monumental piece of art, at the same time, terrifying and incredibly groovy.
Kanayo Martins
When ever I listen to this track I wait patiently for that crack voice
Foreign Boy
@Kanayo Martins I feel his pain through his voice
Kabungwe Namukombo
You can beat down a man's body but not his soul or talent...There will never walk an artist like Fela on African soil...The man was Bliss itself.I thank my Dad for introducing me to Fela's music at a very young age.