Violeta del Carmen Parra Sandoval (4 October 1917 – 5 February 1967) was a … Read Full Bio ↴Violeta del Carmen Parra Sandoval (4 October 1917 – 5 February 1967) was a Chilean composer, folklorist, ethnomusicologist, and visual artist. She pioneered the Nueva Canción Chilena (Chilean' New Song), a renewal and a reinvention of Chilean folk music which would extend its sphere of influence outside Chile. In 2011 Andrés Wood directed a biopic about her, titled Violeta Went to Heaven.
Parra was born in San Fabián de Alico, near San Carlos, Ñuble Province, a small town in southern Chile on 4 October 1917, as Violeta del Carmen Parra Sandoval. Violeta Parra was a member of the prolific Parra family. Among her brothers were the notable modern poet, better known as the "anti-poet", Nicanor Parra, and fellow folklorist Roberto Parra. Her son, Ángel Parra, and her daughter, Isabel Parra, are also important figures in the development of the Nueva Canción Chilena. Their children have also mostly maintained the family's artistic traditions.
Her father was a music teacher and her mother worked on a farm, but sang and played the guitar in her spare time. Two years after Violeta's birth, the family moved to Santiago, then, two years later, to Lautaro and, finally, in 1927, to Chillán. It was in Chillan that Violetta started singing and playing the guitar, together with her siblings Hilda, Eduardo and Roberto; and soon began composing traditional Chilean music.
After Parra's father died in 1929, the life circumstances of her family greatly deteriorated. Violeta and her siblings had to work to help feed the family. In 1932, at the insistence of her brother Nicanor, Parra moved to Santiago to attend the Normal School, staying with relatives. Later, she moved back with her mother and siblings to Edison street, in the Quinta Normal district.
The Parras performed in nightclubs, such as El Tordo Azul and El Popular, in the Mapocho district, interpreting boleros, rancheras, Mexican corridos and other styles. In 1934, she met Luis Cereceda, a railway driver, whom she married four years later, and with whom she had two children. Her husband was a militant communist, and, at his side, Parra became involved in the progressive movement and the Communist Party of Chile, taking part in the presidential campaign of Gabriel González Videla in 1944. Parra began singing songs of Spanish origin, from the repertoire of the famous Argentinian singers Lolita Torres and Imperio Argentina. She sang in restaurants and, also, in theatres, calling herself Violeta de Mayo. In 1945, she appeared with her children Isabel and Angel in a Spanish show in the Casanova confectionery. In 1948, after ten years of marriage, Parra and Luis Cereceda separated. Parra and her sister Hilda began singing together as "The Parra Sisters", and they recorded some of their work on RCA VICTOR. Also in 1946, Violeta met and married Luis Arce. Their daughter Carmen Luisa was born in 1949. Parra continued performing: she appeared in circuses and toured, with Hilda and with her children, throughout Argentina.
In 1952, Parra's second daughter, Rosita Clara, was born. In that same year, driven by her brother Nicanor, Violeta began to collect and collate authentic Chilean folk music from all over the Chile. She abandoned her old repertoire for folk songs, and began composing her own songs based on traditional folk forms. She gave recitals at universities, presented by Enrique Bello Cruz, a founder of cultural magazines. Soon, Parra was invited to the "Summer School" at the University of Concepción. She was also invited to teach courses in folklore at the University of Iquique. In Valparaiso, she was presented at the Chilean-French Institute.
Parra's two singles for EMI-Odeon label: "Que Pena Siente el Alma" and "Verso por el Fin del Mundo", and "Casamiento de Negros" and"Verso por Padecimiento" brought her a good measure of popularity.
Don Isaiah Angulo, a tenant farmer, taught her to play the guitarrón, a traditional Chilean guitar-like instrument with 25 strings.
Along the way, Parra met Pablo Neruda, who introduced her to his friends. In 1970, he would dedicate the poem "Elegia para Cantar" to her.
Between January and September 1954, Parra hosted the immensely successful radio program "Sing Violeta Parra" for Radio Chilena. The program was most often recorded in places where folk music was performed, such as her mother's restaurant in Barrancas. in the end of 1954, Parra participated in another folkloric programme, for Radio Agriculture.
Violeta was invited to the "World Festival of Youth and Students", in Warsaw, Poland, in July 1955. She then moved to Paris, France, where she performed at the nightclub "L'Escale" in the Quartier Latin. Meanwhile, back in Santiago her daughter Rosita Clara died. Violeta made contacts with European artists and intellectuals. Through the intervention of the anthropologist Paul Rivet she recorded at the National Sound Archive of the "Musée de l'Homme" La Sorbonne in Paris, where she left a guitarrón and tapes of her collections of Chilean folklore. She travelled to London to make recordings for EMI-Odeon and radio broadcasts from the BBC. Back in Paris, in March 1956, she recorded 16 songs for the French label "Chant du Monde" which launches its first two records with 8 songs each.
In November 1956, Violeta returned to Chile, and recorded the first LP of the series "The folklore of Chile" for the EMI Odeon label: "Violeta Parra and her guitar" which included three of her own compositions. In 1957 she followed with "La cueca" and "La tonada" (EMI Odeón) and "Composiciones de Violeta Parra".
In the following years she built her house “Casa de Palos” on Segovia Street, in the municipality of La Reina. She continued giving recitals in major cultural centers in Santiago, travelling all over the country to research, organize concerts and give lectures and workshops about folklore. She travelled north to investigate and record the pagan religious festival "La Tirana". Violeta Perra exerted a significant influence on Héctor Pavez and Gabriela Pizarro, who would become great performers and researchers in their own right. The product of this collaboration is evident in the play "La Celebración de la Minga" staged at the Teatro Municipal de Santiago.
She composed the music for the documentary "Wicker" and "Trilla", contributed to the film "Casamiento de negros", performed by Sergio Bravo.
She wrote the book "Cantos Foklóricos Chilean" which gathered all the research conducted so far, with photographs by Sergio Larraín and musical scores performed by Soublette Gaston (Santiago, Nascimento, 1979). She also wrote the "Décimas autobiográficas", work in verse recounting her from her childhood to her trip to Europe.
She started a serious interest in ceramics, painting and arpillera embroidery As a result of a severe hepatitis in 1959 that forced her to stay in bed, her work as a painter and arpillerista was developed greatly, so much so that the same year she exhibited her oil paintings and arpilleras at the First and also the Second Outdoor Exhibition of Fine Arts of the Forest Park. On 4 October 1960, the day of her birthday, she met Swiss flautist Gilbert Favre with whom she became romantically involved. In 1961 she traveled to Buenos Aires, Argentina, where she exhibited her paintings, appearing in TV, giving recitals at the Teatro IFT and recording an album of original songs for EMI Odeon - which was banned.
In June 1962 she returned to Santiago. With her children Isabel and Angel, and her granddaughter Tita, she embarked, with the Chilean delegation, for Finland to participate in the 8th "World Festival of Youth and Students" held in Helsinki. After touring the Soviet Union, Germany, Italy and France, Violeta Parra moved to Paris, where she performed at La Candelaria and L'Escale, in the Latin Quarter, gave recitals at the "Théâtre Des Nations" of UNESCO and performed on radio and television with her children. Then she started living with Gilbert Favre in Geneva, dividing her time between France and Switzerland, where she also gave concerts, appeared in TV and exhibited her art.
In 1963 she recorded in Paris, revolutionary and peasant songs, which would be published in 1971 under the title "Songs rediscovered in Paris" She wrote the book "Popular Poetry of the Andes". The Parras took part in the concert of "L'Humanité" (official newspaper of the French Communist Party). An Argentine musician friend recorded at her home a version of "El Gavilán" ("The Hawk"),interpreted by Violeta Parra accompanied by her granddaughter on percussion. Violeta accompanied her children in the LP "Los Parra de Chillán" for the Barclay label. She began playing the cuatro, an instrument of Venezuelan origin, and the charango, an instrument of the high plateaus.
In April 1964 she did an exhibition of her arpilleras, oil paintings and wire sculptures in the Museum of Decorative Arts of the Louvre - the first solo exhibition of a Latin American artist at the museum. In 1965, the publisher François Maspero, Paris, published her book "Poésie Populaire des Andes". In Geneva, Swiss television made a documentary about the artist and her work, "Violeta Parra, Chilean Embroiderer".
Favre and Parra returned to South America, in June 1965. Violeta recorded two 45s, one with her daughter Isabel and another to instrumental music for cuatro and quena with Gilbert Favre, whom she christened "El Tocador Afuerino" (The outsider musician) Her music now incorporated the Venezuelan cuatro and the charango from the plateaus of the northern. The EMI Odeon circulated the LP "Remembering Chile (a Chilean in Paris)," whose cover was illustrated with her own arpilleras.
However, Favre and Parra broke up, provoked by his desire to live in Bolivia where he was part of a successful Bolivian music act, Los Jairas.
Parra’s energy was invested in reviving a unique version of the Peña (now known as La Peña de Los Parra), a community center for the arts and for political activism. Some have stated she established the first 'peña', but as said by the RAE, places such as these had been called that at least since 1936.
Parra’s Peña was a tent (somewhat similar looking to a circus tent) that she set up on a 30 x 30 meter piece of land in the Parque La Quintrala, at number 340 Carmen Street, in today’s La Reina municipality of Santiago, in the area once known as la Cañada. Her tent hosted musical spectacles where she often sang with her children, and she and her children also lived on the same land. In La Reina, at La Cañada 7200, she also established a cultural center called "La Carpa de la Reina" inaugurated on 17 December 1965. She also installed a folk peña in the International Fair of Santiago (FISA), where she was invited. On the same year, she participated in numerous national television programs and signed a contract with Radio Minería which would be the last radio station to be used as a platform for her work.
Under the EMi Odeón label, in 1966 was released the LP "La Carpa de La Reina" featuring three songs performed by Violeta Parra and nine by guest artists announced at the carpa by Violeta herself. She travelled to La Paz, Bolivia, to meet with Gilbert Favre, where she regularly appeared in the Peña. She came back to Chile with Altiplano groups, presenting them in her carpa, on television and in her children's Peña. She also performed in concert at the Chilean southern cities of Osorno and Punta Arenas, invited by René Largo Farias, under the "Chile Ríe y Canta" ("Chile Laughs and Sings") program. Accompanied by her children and Uruguayan Alberto Zapicán, she recorded for RCA Victor the LP "The Last Compositions of Violeta Parra". In that year, Favre returned briefly to Chile with his group, but declined to stay, because in the meantime he had established a life and married in Bolivia.
Her most renowned song, Gracias a la Vida (Thanks to Life), was popularized throughout Latin America by Mercedes Sosa, in Brazil by Elis Regina and later in the US by Joan Baez. It remains one of the most covered Latin American songs in history. Other notable covers of this tragic, but widely beloved, folk anthem include the Italian guitar-vocal solo of Adriana Mezzadri and La Oreja de Van Gogh at the 2005 Viña del Mar International Song Festival.
It has been treated by classically trained musicians such as in the fully orchestrated rendition by conservatory-trained Alberto Cortez.
The song has been re-recorded by several Latin artists and Canadian Michael Bublé to gather funds for the Chilean people affected by the earthquake in Chile, February 2010.
It opens with a very common shift between A minor and E major chords, then it goes to G7-C/C7 before returning to the Am/E motif.
"Gracias a la vida" was written and recorded in 1964-65 following Parra's separation with her long-time partner. It was released in Las Últimas Composiciones (1966), the last album Parra published before committing suicide in 1967.
Parra's lyrics are ambiguous at first: the song may be read as a romantic celebration of life and individual experience, however the circumstances surrounding the song suggest that Parra also intended the song as a sort of suicide note, thanking life for all it has given her. It may even be read as ironic, pointing out that a life full of good health, opportunity and worldly experience may not offer any consolation to grief and the contradictory nature of the human condition.
Gracias a la vida que me ha dado tanto
Me dio dos luceros que cuando los abro
Perfecto distingo lo negro del blanco
Y en el alto cielo su fondo estrellado
Y en las multitudes el hombre que yo amo
Translated into English:
Thanks to life, which has given me so much
It gave me two bright stars that when I open them,
I perfectly distinguish the black from white
And in the sky above, her starry backdrop
And within the multitudes the man I love
Another highly regarded original, the last song she wrote, "Volver a los Diecisiete" ("Being Seventeen-Old Again") similarly celebrates the themes of youthful life, in tragic contrast to her biography. Unlike much popular music, it moves through minor key progression creating an introspective if not melancholy mood and thus has lent itself to classical treatment as well as popular music.
Despite its originality, Parra's music was deeply rooted in folk song traditions, as is the case with Nueva Canción in general.
Parra committed suicide in 1967 by a gunshot to the head. Several memorials were held after her death, both in Chile and abroad. She was an inspiration for several Latin-American artists, such Victor Jara and the musical movement of the "Nueva Cancion Chilena", which renewed interest in Chilean folklore. In 1992, the Violeta Parra Foundation was founded at the initiative of her children, with the aim to group, organize and disseminate her still-unpublished work. In 1997, with the participation of Violeta Parra Foundation and the Department of Cultural Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Chile, her visual work was exhibited in the Museum of Decorative Arts of the Louvre Museum, Paris. In 2007, the 90th anniversary of her birth was commemorated with an exhibition of her visual work at the Centro Cultural Palacio La Moneda and the release of a collection of her art work titled, "Visual Work of Violeta Parra".
Violeta Went to Heaven (Spanish: Violeta se fue a los cielos) is a 2011 Chilean biopic about singer and folklorist Violeta Parra, directed by Andrés Wood. The film is based on an eponymous book, a biography, written by Ángel Parra, Violeta's son with Luis Cereceda Arenas. Parra collaborated on the film, The film was selected as the Chilean entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th Academy Awards, but it did not make the final shortlist. It was awarded the World Cinema Jury Prize (Dramatic) at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival and had good reviews.Jeannette Catsoulis, in The New York Times, wrote:
By turns charming, selfish, passionate and dismissive, Parra (beautifully played by Francisca Gavilán) poured herself into her songs, emotionally resonant wails of romantic pain and social injustice. (...) [and] bulldozed all obstacles.
(...)"Violeta" has a wild, impressionistic tone that prizes emotion over fact. Skipping around in time, the director, Andrés Wood, skates over Parra’s involvement with Communism to focus on a personality awash in contradictions. Husbands and children appear as mere adjuncts to her art, whether dragged around the countryside while she collects traditional songs or abandoned for years while she frolics in Europe with her young lover, the Swiss flautist Gilbert Favre (Thomas Durand).
(...)Mr. Wood has created a poignant portrait of an artist unable to escape the stamp of her class or the burdens of aging. The grand exhibition tent she erects on a hilltop becomes, in the end, an apt metaphor for dashed dreams, its canvas unable to keep out the rain and its empty seats unable to turn back time.
Discography
Studio albums
Chants et danses du chili Vol. 1 (1956)
Chants et danses du chili. Vol. 2 (1956)
Violeta Parra, Canto y guitarra. El Folklore de Chile, Vol. I (1956)
Violeta Parra, acompañada de guitarra. El Folklore de Chile, Vol. II (1958)
La cueca presentada por Violeta Parra: El Folklore de Chile, Vol. III. (1958)
La tonada presentada por Violeta Parra: El Folklore de Chile, Vol. IV. (1958)
Toda Violeta Parra: El Folklore de Chile, Vol. VIII (1960)
Violeta Parra, guitare et chant: Chants et danses du Chili. (1963)
Recordandeo a Chile (Una Chilena en París). (1965)
Carpa de la Reina (1966)
Las últimas composiciones de Violeta Parra (1967)
Posthumous discography
Violeta Parra y sus canciones reencontradas en París (1971)
Canciones de Violeta Parra (1971)
Le Chili de Violeta Parra (1974)
Un río de sangre (1975)
Presente / Ausente (1975)
Décimas (1976)
Chants & rythmes du Chili (1991)
El hombre con su razón (1992)
Décimas y Centésimas (1993)
El folklore y la pasión (1994)
Haciendo Historia: La jardinera y su canto (1997)
Violeta Parra: Antología (1998)
Canciones reencontradas en París (1999)
Composiciones para guitarra (1999)
Violeta Parra - En Ginebra, En Vivo, 1965 (1999)
Violeta Parra: Cantos Campesinos (1999)
Further reading
Alcalde, Alfonso: Toda Violeta Parra (biography plus anthology of songs and poems) Ediciones de la Flor. Buenos Aires 1974
Escobar, A., 2012. Violeta Parra, una aproximación a la creación interdisciplinaria. Master Thesis. Universitat de Barcelona: Spain. URL: (accessed: 11 August 2014)
MANNS, Patricio. Violeta Parra. Madrid: Júcar, 1978; 2ª ed. 1984
PARRA, Ángel. Violeta se fue a los cielos. Santiago de Chile: Catalonia, 2006
PARRA, Eduardo. Mi hermana Violeta Parra. Su vida y su obra en décimas. Santiago de Chile: LOM, 1998.
PARRA, Isabel. El libro mayor de Violeta Parra. Madrid: Michay, 1985.
PARRA, Violeta. Violeta Parra, Composiciones para guitarra. Eds. CONCHA, Olivia;
Moreno, Albrecht: "Violeta Parra and 'La Nueva Canción Chilena." Studies in Latin American Popular Culture 5 (1986): 108—26.
SUBERCASEAUX, Bernardo y LONDOÑO, Jaime. Gracias A La Vida. Violeta Parra, testimonio. Buenos Aires: Galerna, 1976
Parra was born in San Fabián de Alico, near San Carlos, Ñuble Province, a small town in southern Chile on 4 October 1917, as Violeta del Carmen Parra Sandoval. Violeta Parra was a member of the prolific Parra family. Among her brothers were the notable modern poet, better known as the "anti-poet", Nicanor Parra, and fellow folklorist Roberto Parra. Her son, Ángel Parra, and her daughter, Isabel Parra, are also important figures in the development of the Nueva Canción Chilena. Their children have also mostly maintained the family's artistic traditions.
Her father was a music teacher and her mother worked on a farm, but sang and played the guitar in her spare time. Two years after Violeta's birth, the family moved to Santiago, then, two years later, to Lautaro and, finally, in 1927, to Chillán. It was in Chillan that Violetta started singing and playing the guitar, together with her siblings Hilda, Eduardo and Roberto; and soon began composing traditional Chilean music.
After Parra's father died in 1929, the life circumstances of her family greatly deteriorated. Violeta and her siblings had to work to help feed the family. In 1932, at the insistence of her brother Nicanor, Parra moved to Santiago to attend the Normal School, staying with relatives. Later, she moved back with her mother and siblings to Edison street, in the Quinta Normal district.
The Parras performed in nightclubs, such as El Tordo Azul and El Popular, in the Mapocho district, interpreting boleros, rancheras, Mexican corridos and other styles. In 1934, she met Luis Cereceda, a railway driver, whom she married four years later, and with whom she had two children. Her husband was a militant communist, and, at his side, Parra became involved in the progressive movement and the Communist Party of Chile, taking part in the presidential campaign of Gabriel González Videla in 1944. Parra began singing songs of Spanish origin, from the repertoire of the famous Argentinian singers Lolita Torres and Imperio Argentina. She sang in restaurants and, also, in theatres, calling herself Violeta de Mayo. In 1945, she appeared with her children Isabel and Angel in a Spanish show in the Casanova confectionery. In 1948, after ten years of marriage, Parra and Luis Cereceda separated. Parra and her sister Hilda began singing together as "The Parra Sisters", and they recorded some of their work on RCA VICTOR. Also in 1946, Violeta met and married Luis Arce. Their daughter Carmen Luisa was born in 1949. Parra continued performing: she appeared in circuses and toured, with Hilda and with her children, throughout Argentina.
In 1952, Parra's second daughter, Rosita Clara, was born. In that same year, driven by her brother Nicanor, Violeta began to collect and collate authentic Chilean folk music from all over the Chile. She abandoned her old repertoire for folk songs, and began composing her own songs based on traditional folk forms. She gave recitals at universities, presented by Enrique Bello Cruz, a founder of cultural magazines. Soon, Parra was invited to the "Summer School" at the University of Concepción. She was also invited to teach courses in folklore at the University of Iquique. In Valparaiso, she was presented at the Chilean-French Institute.
Parra's two singles for EMI-Odeon label: "Que Pena Siente el Alma" and "Verso por el Fin del Mundo", and "Casamiento de Negros" and"Verso por Padecimiento" brought her a good measure of popularity.
Don Isaiah Angulo, a tenant farmer, taught her to play the guitarrón, a traditional Chilean guitar-like instrument with 25 strings.
Along the way, Parra met Pablo Neruda, who introduced her to his friends. In 1970, he would dedicate the poem "Elegia para Cantar" to her.
Between January and September 1954, Parra hosted the immensely successful radio program "Sing Violeta Parra" for Radio Chilena. The program was most often recorded in places where folk music was performed, such as her mother's restaurant in Barrancas. in the end of 1954, Parra participated in another folkloric programme, for Radio Agriculture.
Violeta was invited to the "World Festival of Youth and Students", in Warsaw, Poland, in July 1955. She then moved to Paris, France, where she performed at the nightclub "L'Escale" in the Quartier Latin. Meanwhile, back in Santiago her daughter Rosita Clara died. Violeta made contacts with European artists and intellectuals. Through the intervention of the anthropologist Paul Rivet she recorded at the National Sound Archive of the "Musée de l'Homme" La Sorbonne in Paris, where she left a guitarrón and tapes of her collections of Chilean folklore. She travelled to London to make recordings for EMI-Odeon and radio broadcasts from the BBC. Back in Paris, in March 1956, she recorded 16 songs for the French label "Chant du Monde" which launches its first two records with 8 songs each.
In November 1956, Violeta returned to Chile, and recorded the first LP of the series "The folklore of Chile" for the EMI Odeon label: "Violeta Parra and her guitar" which included three of her own compositions. In 1957 she followed with "La cueca" and "La tonada" (EMI Odeón) and "Composiciones de Violeta Parra".
In the following years she built her house “Casa de Palos” on Segovia Street, in the municipality of La Reina. She continued giving recitals in major cultural centers in Santiago, travelling all over the country to research, organize concerts and give lectures and workshops about folklore. She travelled north to investigate and record the pagan religious festival "La Tirana". Violeta Perra exerted a significant influence on Héctor Pavez and Gabriela Pizarro, who would become great performers and researchers in their own right. The product of this collaboration is evident in the play "La Celebración de la Minga" staged at the Teatro Municipal de Santiago.
She composed the music for the documentary "Wicker" and "Trilla", contributed to the film "Casamiento de negros", performed by Sergio Bravo.
She wrote the book "Cantos Foklóricos Chilean" which gathered all the research conducted so far, with photographs by Sergio Larraín and musical scores performed by Soublette Gaston (Santiago, Nascimento, 1979). She also wrote the "Décimas autobiográficas", work in verse recounting her from her childhood to her trip to Europe.
She started a serious interest in ceramics, painting and arpillera embroidery As a result of a severe hepatitis in 1959 that forced her to stay in bed, her work as a painter and arpillerista was developed greatly, so much so that the same year she exhibited her oil paintings and arpilleras at the First and also the Second Outdoor Exhibition of Fine Arts of the Forest Park. On 4 October 1960, the day of her birthday, she met Swiss flautist Gilbert Favre with whom she became romantically involved. In 1961 she traveled to Buenos Aires, Argentina, where she exhibited her paintings, appearing in TV, giving recitals at the Teatro IFT and recording an album of original songs for EMI Odeon - which was banned.
In June 1962 she returned to Santiago. With her children Isabel and Angel, and her granddaughter Tita, she embarked, with the Chilean delegation, for Finland to participate in the 8th "World Festival of Youth and Students" held in Helsinki. After touring the Soviet Union, Germany, Italy and France, Violeta Parra moved to Paris, where she performed at La Candelaria and L'Escale, in the Latin Quarter, gave recitals at the "Théâtre Des Nations" of UNESCO and performed on radio and television with her children. Then she started living with Gilbert Favre in Geneva, dividing her time between France and Switzerland, where she also gave concerts, appeared in TV and exhibited her art.
In 1963 she recorded in Paris, revolutionary and peasant songs, which would be published in 1971 under the title "Songs rediscovered in Paris" She wrote the book "Popular Poetry of the Andes". The Parras took part in the concert of "L'Humanité" (official newspaper of the French Communist Party). An Argentine musician friend recorded at her home a version of "El Gavilán" ("The Hawk"),interpreted by Violeta Parra accompanied by her granddaughter on percussion. Violeta accompanied her children in the LP "Los Parra de Chillán" for the Barclay label. She began playing the cuatro, an instrument of Venezuelan origin, and the charango, an instrument of the high plateaus.
In April 1964 she did an exhibition of her arpilleras, oil paintings and wire sculptures in the Museum of Decorative Arts of the Louvre - the first solo exhibition of a Latin American artist at the museum. In 1965, the publisher François Maspero, Paris, published her book "Poésie Populaire des Andes". In Geneva, Swiss television made a documentary about the artist and her work, "Violeta Parra, Chilean Embroiderer".
Favre and Parra returned to South America, in June 1965. Violeta recorded two 45s, one with her daughter Isabel and another to instrumental music for cuatro and quena with Gilbert Favre, whom she christened "El Tocador Afuerino" (The outsider musician) Her music now incorporated the Venezuelan cuatro and the charango from the plateaus of the northern. The EMI Odeon circulated the LP "Remembering Chile (a Chilean in Paris)," whose cover was illustrated with her own arpilleras.
However, Favre and Parra broke up, provoked by his desire to live in Bolivia where he was part of a successful Bolivian music act, Los Jairas.
Parra’s energy was invested in reviving a unique version of the Peña (now known as La Peña de Los Parra), a community center for the arts and for political activism. Some have stated she established the first 'peña', but as said by the RAE, places such as these had been called that at least since 1936.
Parra’s Peña was a tent (somewhat similar looking to a circus tent) that she set up on a 30 x 30 meter piece of land in the Parque La Quintrala, at number 340 Carmen Street, in today’s La Reina municipality of Santiago, in the area once known as la Cañada. Her tent hosted musical spectacles where she often sang with her children, and she and her children also lived on the same land. In La Reina, at La Cañada 7200, she also established a cultural center called "La Carpa de la Reina" inaugurated on 17 December 1965. She also installed a folk peña in the International Fair of Santiago (FISA), where she was invited. On the same year, she participated in numerous national television programs and signed a contract with Radio Minería which would be the last radio station to be used as a platform for her work.
Under the EMi Odeón label, in 1966 was released the LP "La Carpa de La Reina" featuring three songs performed by Violeta Parra and nine by guest artists announced at the carpa by Violeta herself. She travelled to La Paz, Bolivia, to meet with Gilbert Favre, where she regularly appeared in the Peña. She came back to Chile with Altiplano groups, presenting them in her carpa, on television and in her children's Peña. She also performed in concert at the Chilean southern cities of Osorno and Punta Arenas, invited by René Largo Farias, under the "Chile Ríe y Canta" ("Chile Laughs and Sings") program. Accompanied by her children and Uruguayan Alberto Zapicán, she recorded for RCA Victor the LP "The Last Compositions of Violeta Parra". In that year, Favre returned briefly to Chile with his group, but declined to stay, because in the meantime he had established a life and married in Bolivia.
Her most renowned song, Gracias a la Vida (Thanks to Life), was popularized throughout Latin America by Mercedes Sosa, in Brazil by Elis Regina and later in the US by Joan Baez. It remains one of the most covered Latin American songs in history. Other notable covers of this tragic, but widely beloved, folk anthem include the Italian guitar-vocal solo of Adriana Mezzadri and La Oreja de Van Gogh at the 2005 Viña del Mar International Song Festival.
It has been treated by classically trained musicians such as in the fully orchestrated rendition by conservatory-trained Alberto Cortez.
The song has been re-recorded by several Latin artists and Canadian Michael Bublé to gather funds for the Chilean people affected by the earthquake in Chile, February 2010.
It opens with a very common shift between A minor and E major chords, then it goes to G7-C/C7 before returning to the Am/E motif.
"Gracias a la vida" was written and recorded in 1964-65 following Parra's separation with her long-time partner. It was released in Las Últimas Composiciones (1966), the last album Parra published before committing suicide in 1967.
Parra's lyrics are ambiguous at first: the song may be read as a romantic celebration of life and individual experience, however the circumstances surrounding the song suggest that Parra also intended the song as a sort of suicide note, thanking life for all it has given her. It may even be read as ironic, pointing out that a life full of good health, opportunity and worldly experience may not offer any consolation to grief and the contradictory nature of the human condition.
Gracias a la vida que me ha dado tanto
Me dio dos luceros que cuando los abro
Perfecto distingo lo negro del blanco
Y en el alto cielo su fondo estrellado
Y en las multitudes el hombre que yo amo
Translated into English:
Thanks to life, which has given me so much
It gave me two bright stars that when I open them,
I perfectly distinguish the black from white
And in the sky above, her starry backdrop
And within the multitudes the man I love
Another highly regarded original, the last song she wrote, "Volver a los Diecisiete" ("Being Seventeen-Old Again") similarly celebrates the themes of youthful life, in tragic contrast to her biography. Unlike much popular music, it moves through minor key progression creating an introspective if not melancholy mood and thus has lent itself to classical treatment as well as popular music.
Despite its originality, Parra's music was deeply rooted in folk song traditions, as is the case with Nueva Canción in general.
Parra committed suicide in 1967 by a gunshot to the head. Several memorials were held after her death, both in Chile and abroad. She was an inspiration for several Latin-American artists, such Victor Jara and the musical movement of the "Nueva Cancion Chilena", which renewed interest in Chilean folklore. In 1992, the Violeta Parra Foundation was founded at the initiative of her children, with the aim to group, organize and disseminate her still-unpublished work. In 1997, with the participation of Violeta Parra Foundation and the Department of Cultural Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Chile, her visual work was exhibited in the Museum of Decorative Arts of the Louvre Museum, Paris. In 2007, the 90th anniversary of her birth was commemorated with an exhibition of her visual work at the Centro Cultural Palacio La Moneda and the release of a collection of her art work titled, "Visual Work of Violeta Parra".
Violeta Went to Heaven (Spanish: Violeta se fue a los cielos) is a 2011 Chilean biopic about singer and folklorist Violeta Parra, directed by Andrés Wood. The film is based on an eponymous book, a biography, written by Ángel Parra, Violeta's son with Luis Cereceda Arenas. Parra collaborated on the film, The film was selected as the Chilean entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th Academy Awards, but it did not make the final shortlist. It was awarded the World Cinema Jury Prize (Dramatic) at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival and had good reviews.Jeannette Catsoulis, in The New York Times, wrote:
By turns charming, selfish, passionate and dismissive, Parra (beautifully played by Francisca Gavilán) poured herself into her songs, emotionally resonant wails of romantic pain and social injustice. (...) [and] bulldozed all obstacles.
(...)"Violeta" has a wild, impressionistic tone that prizes emotion over fact. Skipping around in time, the director, Andrés Wood, skates over Parra’s involvement with Communism to focus on a personality awash in contradictions. Husbands and children appear as mere adjuncts to her art, whether dragged around the countryside while she collects traditional songs or abandoned for years while she frolics in Europe with her young lover, the Swiss flautist Gilbert Favre (Thomas Durand).
(...)Mr. Wood has created a poignant portrait of an artist unable to escape the stamp of her class or the burdens of aging. The grand exhibition tent she erects on a hilltop becomes, in the end, an apt metaphor for dashed dreams, its canvas unable to keep out the rain and its empty seats unable to turn back time.
Discography
Studio albums
Chants et danses du chili Vol. 1 (1956)
Chants et danses du chili. Vol. 2 (1956)
Violeta Parra, Canto y guitarra. El Folklore de Chile, Vol. I (1956)
Violeta Parra, acompañada de guitarra. El Folklore de Chile, Vol. II (1958)
La cueca presentada por Violeta Parra: El Folklore de Chile, Vol. III. (1958)
La tonada presentada por Violeta Parra: El Folklore de Chile, Vol. IV. (1958)
Toda Violeta Parra: El Folklore de Chile, Vol. VIII (1960)
Violeta Parra, guitare et chant: Chants et danses du Chili. (1963)
Recordandeo a Chile (Una Chilena en París). (1965)
Carpa de la Reina (1966)
Las últimas composiciones de Violeta Parra (1967)
Posthumous discography
Violeta Parra y sus canciones reencontradas en París (1971)
Canciones de Violeta Parra (1971)
Le Chili de Violeta Parra (1974)
Un río de sangre (1975)
Presente / Ausente (1975)
Décimas (1976)
Chants & rythmes du Chili (1991)
El hombre con su razón (1992)
Décimas y Centésimas (1993)
El folklore y la pasión (1994)
Haciendo Historia: La jardinera y su canto (1997)
Violeta Parra: Antología (1998)
Canciones reencontradas en París (1999)
Composiciones para guitarra (1999)
Violeta Parra - En Ginebra, En Vivo, 1965 (1999)
Violeta Parra: Cantos Campesinos (1999)
Further reading
Alcalde, Alfonso: Toda Violeta Parra (biography plus anthology of songs and poems) Ediciones de la Flor. Buenos Aires 1974
Escobar, A., 2012. Violeta Parra, una aproximación a la creación interdisciplinaria. Master Thesis. Universitat de Barcelona: Spain. URL:
MANNS, Patricio. Violeta Parra. Madrid: Júcar, 1978; 2ª ed. 1984
PARRA, Ángel. Violeta se fue a los cielos. Santiago de Chile: Catalonia, 2006
PARRA, Eduardo. Mi hermana Violeta Parra. Su vida y su obra en décimas. Santiago de Chile: LOM, 1998.
PARRA, Isabel. El libro mayor de Violeta Parra. Madrid: Michay, 1985.
PARRA, Violeta. Violeta Parra, Composiciones para guitarra. Eds. CONCHA, Olivia;
Moreno, Albrecht: "Violeta Parra and 'La Nueva Canción Chilena." Studies in Latin American Popular Culture 5 (1986): 108—26.
SUBERCASEAUX, Bernardo y LONDOÑO, Jaime. Gracias A La Vida. Violeta Parra, testimonio. Buenos Aires: Galerna, 1976
Rin Del Angelito
Violeta Parra Lyrics
Jump to: Overall Meaning ↴ Line by Line Meaning ↴
Ya se va para los cielos
Ese querido angelito
A rogar por sus abuelos
Por sus padres y hermanitos
Cuando se muere en la carne
El alma busca su sitio
Adentro de una amapola
O dentro de un pajarito
La tierra lo está esperando
Con su corazón abierto
Por eso es que el angelito
Parece que está despierto
Cuando se muere en la carne
El alma busca su centro
En el brillo de una rosa
O de un pececito nuevo
En una cuna de tierra
Lo arrullará una campana
Mientras la lluvia le limpia
Su carita en la mañana
Cuando se muere en la carne
El alma busca su diana
En el misterio del mundo
Que le ha abierto su ventana
Las mariposas alegres
De ver el bello angelito
Alrededor de su cuna
Le caminan despacito
Cuando se muere en la carne
El alma va derechito
A saludar a la luna
Y de paso al lucerito
Adónde se fue su gracia
Adónde se fue su dulzura
Por qué se cae su cuerpo
Como una fruta madura
Cuando se muere en la carne
El alma busca en la altura
La explicación de su vida
Cortada con tal premura
La explicación de su muerte
Prisionera en una tumba
Cuando se muere en la carne
El alma se queda oscura
Ese querido angelito
A rogar por sus abuelos
Por sus padres y hermanitos
Cuando se muere en la carne
El alma busca su sitio
Adentro de una amapola
La tierra lo está esperando
Con su corazón abierto
Por eso es que el angelito
Parece que está despierto
Cuando se muere en la carne
El alma busca su centro
En el brillo de una rosa
O de un pececito nuevo
En una cuna de tierra
Lo arrullará una campana
Mientras la lluvia le limpia
Su carita en la mañana
Cuando se muere en la carne
El alma busca su diana
En el misterio del mundo
Que le ha abierto su ventana
Las mariposas alegres
De ver el bello angelito
Alrededor de su cuna
Le caminan despacito
Cuando se muere en la carne
El alma va derechito
A saludar a la luna
Y de paso al lucerito
Adónde se fue su gracia
Adónde se fue su dulzura
Por qué se cae su cuerpo
Como una fruta madura
Cuando se muere en la carne
El alma busca en la altura
La explicación de su vida
Cortada con tal premura
La explicación de su muerte
Prisionera en una tumba
Cuando se muere en la carne
El alma se queda oscura
The song "Rin Del Angelito" by Violeta Parra is about the death of a beloved child and the belief that their soul lives on in nature. The opening lines speak of the child ascending to heaven, where they will pray for their grandparents, parents, and siblings left behind. The following stanzas explore the idea that the soul seeks a new vessel, such as a poppy or a bird, to continue its existence. The earth is portrayed as eagerly awaiting the arrival of the angelito's soul, making it seem as if the child is still present.
Parra goes on to describe how nature reflects the child's passing, such as the ringing of bells and the rain washing their little face. She then contemplates the mystery of death and how the soul seeks answers beyond our earthly understanding. In the final verse, the image of joyful butterflies visiting the child's resting place conveys the idea that even in death, there is still beauty.
The song is a reflection of Parra's strong connection to folklore and spirituality. Its portrayal of death is not as a dark, final end but as a continuation of life in some other form. The use of nature imagery is a common theme in her works, as she often sought inspiration in the Chilean landscape.
Line by Line Meaning
Ya se va para los cielos
The dear little angel is leaving for heaven.
Ese querido angelito
Referring to a beloved little angel.
A rogar por sus abuelos
Praying for his grandparents.
Por sus padres y hermanitos
Praying for his parents and siblings.
Cuando se muere en la carne
When one dies physically.
El alma busca su sitio
The soul searches for its place.
Adentro de una amapola
Inside a poppy flower.
O dentro de un pajarito
Or inside a little bird.
La tierra lo está esperando
The earth is waiting for him.
Con su corazón abierto
With its heart open wide.
Por eso és que el angelito
That is why the little angel.
Parece que está despierto
Seems to be awake.
En el brillo de una rosa
In the shine of a rose.
O de un pececito nuevo
Or in a new little fish.
En su cunita de tierra
In his little earthy bed.
Lo arrullará una campana
He will be lulled by a bell.
Mientras la lluvia le limpia
While the rain cleans his face.
Su carita en la mañana
His little face in the morning.
El alma busca su centro
The soul seeks its center.
En el misterio del mundo
In the mystery of the world.
Que le ha abierto su ventana
That has opened its window for him.
Las mariposas alegres
The joyful butterflies.
De ver el bello angelito
Seeing the beautiful little angel.
Alrededor de su cuna
Around his crib.
Le caminan despacito
Walking slowly around him.
El alma va derechito
The soul goes straight ahead.
A saludar a la luna
To greet the moon.
Y de paso al lucerito
And also to the little star.
Adónde se fué su gracia
Where did his grace go.
Adónde se fué su dulzura
Where did his sweetness go.
Por qué se cae su cuerpo
Why does his body fall.
Como una fruta madura
Like a ripe fruit.
La explicación de su vida
The explanation of his life.
Cortada con tal premura
Cut so abruptly.
La explicación de su muerte
The explanation of his death.
Prisionera en una tumba
Imprisoned in a tomb.
Cuando se muere en la carne
When one dies physically.
El alma se queda oscura
The soul remains dark.
Lyrics © Warner Chappell Music, Inc.
Written by: Violetta Parra
Lyrics Licensed & Provided by LyricFind
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@peachiiee
Ya se va para los cielos
ese querido angelito
a rogar por sus abuelos
por sus padres y hermanitos.
Cuando se muere la carne
el alma busca su sitio
adentro de una amapola
o dentro de un pajarito.
La tierra lo está esperando
con su corazón abierto
por eso es que el angelito
parece que está despierto.
Cuando se muere la carne
el alma busca su centro
en el brillo de una rosa
o de un pececito nuevo.
En su cunita de tierra
lo arrullará una campana
mientras la lluvia le limpia
su carita en la mañana.
Cuando se muere la carne
el alma busca su diana
en el misterio del mundo
que le ha abierto su ventana.
Las mariposas alegres
de ver el bello angelito
alrededor de su cuna
le caminan despacito.
Cuando se muere la carne
el alma va derechito
a saludar a la luna
y de paso al lucerito.
Adónde se fue su gracia
y a dónde fue su dulzura
porque se cae su cuerpo
como la fruta madura.
Cuando se muere la carne
el alma busca en la altura
la explicación de su vida
cortada con tal premura,
la explicación de su muerte
prisionera en una tumba.
Cuando se muere la carne
el alma se queda oscura.
@andreac1629
Opino que Violeta Parra es una maravillosa y extraordinaria compositora chilena.
Su música es simplemente EXTRAORDINARIA independiente de si uno está de acuerdo o no con lo que dice.
Opino que Violeta Parra puede que sea una de las más grandes o la mejor compositora chilena. No sé.
Bueno... en fin.. creo que tiene lo suyo.
Cada quien tendrá su opinión al respecto seguramente.
De lo que estoy segura es que nadie es Perfecto o Perfecta en esta tierra.
Por otro lado...
Pienso que es muy bueno quedarse con lo bueno de Violeta, pero pienso que es aún más Beneficioso no cometer los mismos errores que ella. Como dejar a los hijos de una solos o de suicidarse.
Dios nos libre de la depresión!!!.
De la irresponsabilidad y de todos nuestros propios defectos. 🙏🙏🙏
Mi maravilloso y extraordinario maestro decía por si a alguien le sirve:
"La depresión es terrible y hay que haber vivido esa enfermedad en carne propia para aconsejar a alguien que la padezca".
Dios nos libre de la depresión para siempre y por siempre.
Amén. 🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏
Qué horrible enfermedad!!!!!!!!!.
@andreac1629
Mi maravilloso y extraordinario maestro Enrique Valenzuela Valiente decía que:
Cuándo una persona muere a corta edad, ya sea guaguita o niño de 12 o 13 o muy joven aún es porque esa alma necesita devolverle a Dios ese período de Vida.
Yo no sé si ustedes creen en las Vidas sucesivas o no.
Pero supongamos que alguien en una Vida anterior a esta se suicidó entonces pacta con Dios venir la próxima Vida a la tierra a vivir la cantidad de años que le faltaron vivir de la Vida anterior....
Es decir, si le faltaron 5 o 10 años en la Vida anterior para finalizarla o le faltaron 12 o 13 o 15 o 16.. o unos 20 años entonces vendrán a esta Vida a vivir la cantidad de años que le faltaron vivir de la Vida anterior.
Les dejo esta maravillosa y extraordinaria enseñanza de mi maestro Enrique Valenzuela Valiente por si le sirve a alguien.
Así que las personas que perdieron un hijo joven, por favor, no se aflijan y Conforten su corazón, ya que Ayudaron a esas almas a cumplir su misión.
Ayudaron a esas almas a devolver ese tiempo a Dios para así Aprender a Valorar la Vida.
Ustedes maravillosas y extraordinarias madres que perdieron sus hijos jovenes fueron el maravilloso medio por el cuál las almas de sus hijos han podido Evolucionar y Saber algo más al respecto de esta Vida!!!!
No sufran más, por favor y alegrense de haber podido Ayudar a esas almitas a Evolucionar que es para lo que justamente venimos a esta tierra.
Mi maravilloso y extraordinario maestro decía que: TODO cambio es un Proceso.
Les dejo su maravillosa y extraordinaria enseñanza por si le sirve a alguien.
Quizás les va a costar salir adelante pero con Paciencia y Tesón lo lograrán.
Recuerden tener Paciencia porque todo Cambio es un Proceso.
Poco a poco su pena se irá transformando y al final solo quedará un sentimiento de "echar de menos a su hijo". Lo echarán de menos igual como se echa de menos a un familiar o amigo muy querido que se fue de viaje por un largo tiempo.....
Así que, tengan Fé por favor y luchen para que su pena sea transformada en Paz, Amor y Fé.
Al final, sólo quedará un sentimiento de "echar de menos" a aquel ser igual como si se hubiera ido de viaje por mucho tiempo.
Eso enseñaba mi maravilloso y extraordinario maestro Enrique Valenzuela Valiente y les dejo su maravillosa y extraordinaria enseñanza por si le sirve a alguien.
La muerte solo nos separa por un tiempo, ya que nos volveremos a encontrar más pronto que nunca....
Y ese re-encuentro será maravilloso!!!!
A la tierra venimos a Evolucionar y Aprender!!!!
Qué Dios las bendiga!!!!
Y qué Dios bendiga a sus hijos!!!!!
Y a todos los angelitos guaguitos que han muerto tan jóvenes de diferentes cosas enfermedades, asesinatos, accidentes.
Espero haber Ayudado en algo a Satisfacer las dudas que a lo mejor pueden tener algunas de estas MARAVILLOSAS y EXTRAORDINARIAS madres que han perdido a sus hijos de muy corta edad o jóvenes.
Dudas cómo de por qué sus hijos han muerto tan jóvenes.... para ello les comparto estas maravillosas y extraordinarias enseñanzas de mi maravilloso y extraordinario maestro Enrique Valenzuela Valiente.
Cómo es tan anti-natural que un hijo muera antes que sus padres.
Lo lógico es que mueran primero los padres y después los hijos.
Puede ser muy doloroso vivir algo así.
Pero sin ustedes esas almitas NUNCA habrían podido Aprender la lección que ellos querían Aprender.
La Vida se debe Valorar!!!!.
Es un Regalo un Don de Dios!!!!!
Les dejo las maravillosas y extraordinarias enseñanzas de mi maravilloso y extraordinario maestro Enrique Valenzuela Valiente por si le sirve a alguien.
Todo en la Vida ocurre por algún motivo aunque al principio no entendemos.
Lo único qué yo sé es que TODO lo bueno que yo tengo en mi Vida se lo debo a mi maravilloso y extraordinario maestro Enrique Valenzuela Valiente.
Es la pura y santa Verdad.
Qué Dios les bendiga.
Y qué les vaya muy, pero muy bien!!!!!
@DragonJadeGalactiko
Quiero compartir lo siguiente
Con triste pesar comparto mi tristeza y dolor
El día de ayer mi hermana tuvo parto prematuro
Esperaba un par de gemelas que no lograron sobrevivir
Cinco meses de gestación
Vengo aquí a escuchar está canción de Violeta
Que siempre me ha gustado
Es hasta este momento en que la siento en lo profundo
Me ha hecho llorar y me llega de lleno
Saber que esos dos pequeños seres
Están ahora en busca de un lucerito
Y su alma se queda oscura
Prisionera en una tumba
😔
@peachiiee
Ya se va para los cielos
ese querido angelito
a rogar por sus abuelos
por sus padres y hermanitos.
Cuando se muere la carne
el alma busca su sitio
adentro de una amapola
o dentro de un pajarito.
La tierra lo está esperando
con su corazón abierto
por eso es que el angelito
parece que está despierto.
Cuando se muere la carne
el alma busca su centro
en el brillo de una rosa
o de un pececito nuevo.
En su cunita de tierra
lo arrullará una campana
mientras la lluvia le limpia
su carita en la mañana.
Cuando se muere la carne
el alma busca su diana
en el misterio del mundo
que le ha abierto su ventana.
Las mariposas alegres
de ver el bello angelito
alrededor de su cuna
le caminan despacito.
Cuando se muere la carne
el alma va derechito
a saludar a la luna
y de paso al lucerito.
Adónde se fue su gracia
y a dónde fue su dulzura
porque se cae su cuerpo
como la fruta madura.
Cuando se muere la carne
el alma busca en la altura
la explicación de su vida
cortada con tal premura,
la explicación de su muerte
prisionera en una tumba.
Cuando se muere la carne
el alma se queda oscura.
@jacquelinebaeza6999
daniaceve es muy triste
@valepobletereyes1933
daniaceve
@valepobletereyes1933
daniaceve .
@yamiletveracastro7886
Esto está muy lindo para la gente y tiene que estar muy feliz la gente Así que está una Gema
@maritzalasaghe3254
No estuvo pa ese angelito solo se fue... pal cielo
@verovillar2022
Que lindos son todos los temas de Violeta....lastima que no se la haya premiado en vida por su tremendo aporte a nuestro folklore....partió tan temprano
@nellycalderonaliaga4918
Dedicado a todas las madres que han perdido a sus hijitos Dios les dé fuerzas siempre nuestro señor las acompañe siempre
@holkansoberanes3459
😢mi mamá es una de esas mujeres y está canción se la cantaron con guitarra antes de enterrar a mi hermanito Mijail...
@casanova6004
Grande Violeta Parra........Inmortal........Saludos dese Lima Perú !!!!!!!